Rinat Gabbay-Benziv1, E Albert Reece1, Fang Wang1, Amnon Bar-Shir2, Chris Harman1, Ozhan M Turan1, Peixin Yang1, Sifa Turan3. 1. Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 2. Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 3. Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: sturan@fpi.umarlyand.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The mouse embryo is ideal for studying human cardiac development. However, laboratory discoveries do not easily translate into clinical findings partially because of histological diagnostic techniques that induce artifacts and lack standardization. AIM: To present a step-wise approach using 17.6T MRI, for evaluation of mice embryonic heart and accurate identification of congenital heart defects. SUBJECTS: 17.5-embryonic days embryos from low-risk (non-diabetic) and high-risk (diabetic) model dams. STUDY DESIGN: Embryos were imaged using 17.6Tesla MRI. Three-dimensional volumes were analyzed using ImageJ software. OUTCOME MEASURES: Embryonic hearts were evaluated utilizing anatomic landmarks to locate the four-chamber view, the left- and right-outflow tracts, and the arrangement of the great arteries. Inter- and intra-observer agreement were calculated using kappa scores by comparing two researchers' evaluations independently analyzing all hearts, blinded to the model, on three different, timed occasions. Each evaluated 16 imaging volumes of 16 embryos: 4 embryos from normal dams, and 12 embryos from diabetic dams. RESULTS: Inter-observer agreement and reproducibility were 0.779 (95% CI 0.653-0.905) and 0.763 (95% CI 0.605-0.921), respectively. Embryonic hearts were structurally normal in 4/4 and 7/12 embryos from normal and diabetic dams, respectively. Five embryos from diabetic dams had defects: ventricular septal defects (n=2), transposition of great arteries (n=2) and Tetralogy of Fallot (n=1). Both researchers identified all cardiac lesions. CONCLUSION: A step-wise approach for analysis of MRI-derived 3D imaging provides reproducible detailed cardiac evaluation of normal and abnormal mice embryonic hearts. This approach can accurately reveal cardiac structure and, thus, increases the yield of animal model in congenital heart defect research. Copyright Â
BACKGROUND: The mouse embryo is ideal for studying human cardiac development. However, laboratory discoveries do not easily translate into clinical findings partially because of histological diagnostic techniques that induce artifacts and lack standardization. AIM: To present a step-wise approach using 17.6T MRI, for evaluation of miceembryonic heart and accurate identification of congenital heart defects. SUBJECTS: 17.5-embryonic days embryos from low-risk (non-diabetic) and high-risk (diabetic) model dams. STUDY DESIGN: Embryos were imaged using 17.6Tesla MRI. Three-dimensional volumes were analyzed using ImageJ software. OUTCOME MEASURES: Embryonic hearts were evaluated utilizing anatomic landmarks to locate the four-chamber view, the left- and right-outflow tracts, and the arrangement of the great arteries. Inter- and intra-observer agreement were calculated using kappa scores by comparing two researchers' evaluations independently analyzing all hearts, blinded to the model, on three different, timed occasions. Each evaluated 16 imaging volumes of 16 embryos: 4 embryos from normal dams, and 12 embryos from diabetic dams. RESULTS: Inter-observer agreement and reproducibility were 0.779 (95% CI 0.653-0.905) and 0.763 (95% CI 0.605-0.921), respectively. Embryonic hearts were structurally normal in 4/4 and 7/12 embryos from normal and diabetic dams, respectively. Five embryos from diabetic dams had defects: ventricular septal defects (n=2), transposition of great arteries (n=2) and Tetralogy of Fallot (n=1). Both researchers identified all cardiac lesions. CONCLUSION: A step-wise approach for analysis of MRI-derived 3D imaging provides reproducible detailed cardiac evaluation of normal and abnormal mice embryonic hearts. This approach can accurately reveal cardiac structure and, thus, increases the yield of animal model in congenital heart defect research. Copyright Â
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