Anouk Van de Vel1, Kris Cuppens2, Bert Bonroy3, Milica Milosevic4, Katrien Jansen5, Sabine Van Huffel6, Bart Vanrumste7, Patrick Cras8, Lieven Lagae9, Berten Ceulemans10. 1. Dept. of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital-University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium. Electronic address: anouk.vandevel@uza.be. 2. Mobilab, Thomas More Kempen, Kleinhoefstraat 4, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Electronic address: kris.cuppens@thomasmore.be. 3. Mobilab, Thomas More Kempen, Kleinhoefstraat 4, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Electronic address: bert.bonroy@thomasmore.be. 4. KU Leuven, Dept. of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, STADIUS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Postbus 2446, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; iMinds Medical Information Technologies, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: mili.milosevic@gmail.com. 5. Dept. of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven-Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: katrien.jansen@uzleuven.be. 6. KU Leuven, Dept. of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, STADIUS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Postbus 2446, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; iMinds Medical Information Technologies, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: Sabine.VanHuffel@esat.kuleuven.be. 7. KU Leuven, Dept. of Electrical Engineering-ESAT, STADIUS, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Postbus 2446, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; iMinds Medical Information Technologies, Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: bart.vanrumste@esat.kuleuven.be. 8. Dept. of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital-University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium. Electronic address: patrick.cras@uza.be. 9. Dept. of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven-Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Rehabilitation Centre for Children and Youth Pulderbos, Reebergenlaan 4, B-2242 Zandhoven, Belgium. Electronic address: lieven.lagae@uzleuven.be. 10. Dept. of Neurology-Pediatric Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital-University of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium; Rehabilitation Centre for Children and Youth Pulderbos, Reebergenlaan 4, B-2242 Zandhoven, Belgium. Electronic address: berten.ceulemans@uza.be.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Detection of, and alarming for epileptic seizures is increasingly demanded and researched. Our previous review article provided an overview of non-invasive, non-EEG (electro-encephalography) body signals that can be measured, along with corresponding methods, state of the art research, and commercially available systems. Three years later, many more studies and devices have emerged. Moreover, the boom of smart phones and tablets created a new market for seizure detection applications. METHOD: We performed a thorough literature review and had contact with manufacturers of commercially available devices. RESULTS: This review article gives an updated overview of body signals and methods for seizure detection, international research and (commercially) available systems and applications. Reported results of non-EEG based detection devices vary between 2.2% and 100% sensitivity and between 0 and 3.23 false detections per hour compared to the gold standard video-EEG, for seizures ranging from generalized to convulsive or non-convulsive focal seizures with or without loss of consciousness. It is particularly interesting to include monitoring of autonomic dysfunction, as this may be an important pathophysiological mechanism of SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy), and of movement, as many seizures have a motor component. CONCLUSION: Comparison of research results is difficult as studies focus on different seizure types, timing (night versus day) and patients (adult versus pediatric patients). Nevertheless, we are convinced that the most effective seizure detection systems are multimodal, combining for example detection methods for movement and heart rate, and that devices should especially take into account the user's seizure types and personal preferences.
PURPOSE: Detection of, and alarming for epilepticseizures is increasingly demanded and researched. Our previous review article provided an overview of non-invasive, non-EEG (electro-encephalography) body signals that can be measured, along with corresponding methods, state of the art research, and commercially available systems. Three years later, many more studies and devices have emerged. Moreover, the boom of smart phones and tablets created a new market for seizure detection applications. METHOD: We performed a thorough literature review and had contact with manufacturers of commercially available devices. RESULTS: This review article gives an updated overview of body signals and methods for seizure detection, international research and (commercially) available systems and applications. Reported results of non-EEG based detection devices vary between 2.2% and 100% sensitivity and between 0 and 3.23 false detections per hour compared to the gold standard video-EEG, for seizures ranging from generalized to convulsive or non-convulsive focal seizures with or without loss of consciousness. It is particularly interesting to include monitoring of autonomic dysfunction, as this may be an important pathophysiological mechanism of SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy), and of movement, as many seizures have a motor component. CONCLUSION: Comparison of research results is difficult as studies focus on different seizure types, timing (night versus day) and patients (adult versus pediatric patients). Nevertheless, we are convinced that the most effective seizure detection systems are multimodal, combining for example detection methods for movement and heart rate, and that devices should especially take into account the user's seizure types and personal preferences.
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