Outflow Tract Premature Ventricular Contractions and Ventricular Tachycardia: The Typical and the Challenging.

The ventricular outflow tracts are the most common sites of origin for ventricular arrhythmias that occur in the absence of structural heart disease. Drug therapy with β-blockers and calcium blockers has limited efficacy for control. In the presence of marked symptoms or frequent arrhythmia causing left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, catheter ablation is a consideration. The right ventricular outflow tract, aortic root, LV outflow endocardium, and epicardium are potential sites for ablation for these arrhythmias. In intractable cases of highly symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias originating from the LV summit, surgical ablation is an option.