Rosalind Fallaize1, Carlos Celis-Morales2, Anna L Macready1, Cyril Fm Marsaux3, Hannah Forster4, Clare O'Donovan4, Clara Woolhead4, Rodrigo San-Cristobal5, Silvia Kolossa6, Jacqueline Hallmann6, Christina Mavrogianni7, Agnieszka Surwillo8, Katherine M Livingstone2, George Moschonis7, Santiago Navas-Carretero5, Marianne C Walsh4, Eileen R Gibney4, Lorraine Brennan4, Jildau Bouwman9, Keith Grimaldi10, Yannis Manios7, Iwona Traczyk8, Christian A Drevon11, J Alfredo Martinez5, Hannelore Daniel6, Wim Hm Saris3, Michael J Gibney4, John C Mathers2, Julie A Lovegrove12. 1. Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. 2. Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. 3. Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands. 4. UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland. 5. Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. 6. ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. 7. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece. 8. National Food and Nutrition Institute (IZZ), Warsaw, Poland. 9. Microbiology and Systems Biology Group, TNO, Zeist, Netherlands. 10. Eurogenetica Ltd. Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom. 11. Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 12. Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom. j.a.lovegrove@reading.ac.uk
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele (ɛ4) is associated with higher total cholesterol (TC), amplified response to saturated fatty acid (SFA) reduction, and increased cardiovascular disease. Although knowledge of gene risk may enhance dietary change, it is unclear whether ɛ4 carriers would benefit from gene-based personalized nutrition (PN). OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to 1) investigate interactions between APOE genotype and habitual dietary fat intake and modulations of fat intake on metabolic outcomes; 2) determine whether gene-based PN results in greater dietary change than do standard dietary advice (level 0) and nongene-based PN (levels 1-2); and 3) assess the impact of knowledge of APOE risk (risk: E4+, nonrisk: E4-) on dietary change after gene-based PN (level 3). DESIGN:Individuals (n = 1466) recruited into the Food4Me pan-European PN dietary intervention study were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms and genotyped for APOE (rs429358 and rs7412). Diet and dried blood spot TC and ω-3 (n-3) index were determined at baseline and after a 6-mo intervention. Data were analyzed with the use of adjusted general linear models. RESULTS: Significantly higher TC concentrations were observed in E4+ participants than in E4- (P < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in APOE response to gene-based PN (E4+ compared with E4-), both groups had a greater reduction in SFA (percentage of total energy) intake than at level 0 (mean ± SD: E4+, -0.72% ± 0.35% compared with -1.95% ± 0.45%, P = 0.035; E4-, -0.31% ± 0.20% compared with -1.68% ± 0.35%, P = 0.029). Gene-based PN was associated with a smaller reduction in SFA intake than in nongene-based PN (level 2) for E4- participants (-1.68% ± 0.35% compared with -2.56% ± 0.27%, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The APOE ɛ4 allele was associated with higher TC. Although gene-based PN targeted to APOE was more effective in reducing SFA intake than standard dietary advice, there was no difference between APOE "risk" and "nonrisk" groups. Furthermore, disclosure of APOE nonrisk may have weakened dietary response to PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele (ɛ4) is associated with higher total cholesterol (TC), amplified response to saturated fatty acid (SFA) reduction, and increased cardiovascular disease. Although knowledge of gene risk may enhance dietary change, it is unclear whether ɛ4 carriers would benefit from gene-based personalized nutrition (PN). OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to 1) investigate interactions between APOE genotype and habitual dietary fat intake and modulations of fat intake on metabolic outcomes; 2) determine whether gene-based PN results in greater dietary change than do standard dietary advice (level 0) and nongene-based PN (levels 1-2); and 3) assess the impact of knowledge of APOE risk (risk: E4+, nonrisk: E4-) on dietary change after gene-based PN (level 3). DESIGN: Individuals (n = 1466) recruited into the Food4Me pan-European PN dietary intervention study were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms and genotyped for APOE (rs429358 and rs7412). Diet and dried blood spot TC and ω-3 (n-3) index were determined at baseline and after a 6-mo intervention. Data were analyzed with the use of adjusted general linear models. RESULTS: Significantly higher TC concentrations were observed in E4+ participants than in E4- (P < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in APOE response to gene-based PN (E4+ compared with E4-), both groups had a greater reduction in SFA (percentage of total energy) intake than at level 0 (mean ± SD: E4+, -0.72% ± 0.35% compared with -1.95% ± 0.45%, P = 0.035; E4-, -0.31% ± 0.20% compared with -1.68% ± 0.35%, P = 0.029). Gene-based PN was associated with a smaller reduction in SFA intake than in nongene-based PN (level 2) for E4- participants (-1.68% ± 0.35% compared with -2.56% ± 0.27%, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The APOE ɛ4 allele was associated with higher TC. Although gene-based PN targeted to APOE was more effective in reducing SFA intake than standard dietary advice, there was no difference between APOE "risk" and "nonrisk" groups. Furthermore, disclosure of APOE nonrisk may have weakened dietary response to PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
Authors: Luigi Barrea; Giuseppe Annunziata; Laura Bordoni; Giovanna Muscogiuri; Annamaria Colao; Silvia Savastano Journal: Int J Obes Suppl Date: 2020-07-20
Authors: Juntao Kan; Jiayi Ni; Kun Xue; Feijie Wang; Jianheng Zheng; Junrui Cheng; Peiying Wu; Matthew K Runyon; Hongwei Guo; Jun Du Journal: Front Nutr Date: 2022-06-22
Authors: Katherine M Livingstone; Carlos Celis-Morales; Santiago Navas-Carretero; Rodrigo San-Cristobal; Hannah Forster; Clara Woolhead; Clare B O'Donovan; George Moschonis; Yannis Manios; Iwona Traczyk; Thomas E Gundersen; Christian A Drevon; Cyril F M Marsaux; Rosalind Fallaize; Anna L Macready; Hannelore Daniel; Wim H M Saris; Julie A Lovegrove; Mike Gibney; Eileen R Gibney; Marianne Walsh; Lorraine Brennan; J Alfredo Martinez; John C Mathers Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2021-06-07 Impact factor: 6.457
Authors: Bruce A Griffin; Celia G Walker; Susan A Jebb; Carmel Moore; Gary S Frost; Louise Goff; Tom A B Sanders; Fiona Lewis; Margaret Griffin; Rachel Gitau; Julie A Lovegrove Journal: Nutrients Date: 2018-10-17 Impact factor: 5.717