Eun Joo Jeon1, Da-Hye Lee2,3, Yang-Ji Kim2,3, Jiyun Ahn2,3, Min Jung Kim2, Jin-Taek Hwang1,3, Jinyoung Hur2,3, Mina Kim2, Young-Jin Jang2, Tae-Youl Ha2,3, Dong-Hyun Seo4, Jong Suk Lee5, Mi Jeong Sung1,3, Chang Hwa Jung2,3. 1. Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. 2. Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. 3. Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. 4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea. 5. Department of Analysis Support, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
SCOPE: Yuja (Citrus junos Tanaka) possesses various health benefits, but its effects on bone health are unknown. In this study, the preventative effects of yuja peel ethanol extract (YPEE) on osteopenia were determined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanisms by which YPEE and its flavanones regulate osteoblastogenesis were examined in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of YPEE on osteoblastogenesis were investigated in MC3T3-E1 cells. YPEE promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin. YPEE and its flavanones promoted osteoblast differentiation via BMP-2-mediated p38 and the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. YPEE supplementation significantly decreased body weight and increased uterine weight and bone mineral density in OVX rats. Based on a micro-CT analysis of femurs, YPEE significantly attenuated osteopenia and increased trabecular volume fraction, trabecular separation, and trabecular number (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dietary YPEE has a protective effect on OVX-induced osteopenia. YPEE and its flavanones promote osteoblastogenesis via the activation of the BMP/p38/Smad/Runx2 pathways. These results extend our knowledge of the beneficial effects of YPEE and provide a basis for the development of novel therapies for osteoporosis.
SCOPE: Yuja (Citrus junos Tanaka) possesses various health benefits, but its effects on bone health are unknown. In this study, the preventative effects of yuja peel ethanol extract (YPEE) on osteopenia were determined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanisms by which YPEE and its flavanones regulate osteoblastogenesis were examined in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of YPEE on osteoblastogenesis were investigated in MC3T3-E1 cells. YPEE promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin. YPEE and its flavanones promoted osteoblast differentiation via BMP-2-mediated p38 and the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. YPEE supplementation significantly decreased body weight and increased uterine weight and bone mineral density in OVX rats. Based on a micro-CT analysis of femurs, YPEE significantly attenuated osteopenia and increased trabecular volume fraction, trabecular separation, and trabecular number (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dietary YPEE has a protective effect on OVX-induced osteopenia. YPEE and its flavanones promote osteoblastogenesis via the activation of the BMP/p38/Smad/Runx2 pathways. These results extend our knowledge of the beneficial effects of YPEE and provide a basis for the development of novel therapies for osteoporosis.
Authors: Jin Woo Kim; Eun Hee Jo; Ji Eun Moon; Hanvit Cha; Moon Han Chang; Hyung Taek Cho; Min Kook Lee; Wan Sik Jung; Jin Hyup Lee; Wan Heo; Young Jun Kim Journal: Antioxidants (Basel) Date: 2020-12-04