Katherine T Mills1, Joshua D Bundy1, Tanika N Kelly1, Jennifer E Reed1, Patricia M Kearney1, Kristi Reynolds1, Jing Chen1, Jiang He2. 1. From Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.). 2. From Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.). jhe@tulane.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the leading preventable cause of premature death worldwide. We examined global disparities of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in 2010 and compared secular changes from 2000 to 2010. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE from 1995 through 2014 and supplemented with manual searches of retrieved article references. We included 135 population-based studies of 968 419 adults from 90 countries. Sex- and age-specific hypertension prevalences from each country were applied to population data to calculate regional and global numbers of hypertensive adults. Proportions of awareness, treatment, and control from each country were applied to hypertensive populations to obtain regional and global estimates. RESULTS: In 2010, 31.1% (95% confidence interval, 30.0%-32.2%) of the world's adults had hypertension; 28.5% (27.3%-29.7%) in high-income countries and 31.5% (30.2%-32.9%) in low- and middle-income countries. An estimated 1.39 (1.34-1.44) billion people had hypertension in 2010: 349 (337-361) million in high-income countries and 1.04 (0.99-1.09) billion in low- and middle-income countries. From 2000 to 2010, the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension decreased by 2.6% in high-income countries, but increased by 7.7% in low- and middle-income countries. During the same period, the proportions of awareness (58.2% versus 67.0%), treatment (44.5% versus 55.6%), and control (17.9% versus 28.4%) increased substantially in high-income countries, whereas awareness (32.3% versus 37.9%) and treatment (24.9% versus 29.0%) increased less, and control (8.4% versus 7.7%) even slightly decreased in low- and middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Global hypertension disparities are large and increasing. Collaborative efforts are urgently needed to combat the emerging hypertension burden in low- and middle-income countries.
BACKGROUND:Hypertension is the leading preventable cause of premature death worldwide. We examined global disparities of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in 2010 and compared secular changes from 2000 to 2010. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE from 1995 through 2014 and supplemented with manual searches of retrieved article references. We included 135 population-based studies of 968 419 adults from 90 countries. Sex- and age-specific hypertension prevalences from each country were applied to population data to calculate regional and global numbers of hypertensive adults. Proportions of awareness, treatment, and control from each country were applied to hypertensive populations to obtain regional and global estimates. RESULTS: In 2010, 31.1% (95% confidence interval, 30.0%-32.2%) of the world's adults had hypertension; 28.5% (27.3%-29.7%) in high-income countries and 31.5% (30.2%-32.9%) in low- and middle-income countries. An estimated 1.39 (1.34-1.44) billion people had hypertension in 2010: 349 (337-361) million in high-income countries and 1.04 (0.99-1.09) billion in low- and middle-income countries. From 2000 to 2010, the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension decreased by 2.6% in high-income countries, but increased by 7.7% in low- and middle-income countries. During the same period, the proportions of awareness (58.2% versus 67.0%), treatment (44.5% versus 55.6%), and control (17.9% versus 28.4%) increased substantially in high-income countries, whereas awareness (32.3% versus 37.9%) and treatment (24.9% versus 29.0%) increased less, and control (8.4% versus 7.7%) even slightly decreased in low- and middle-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Global hypertension disparities are large and increasing. Collaborative efforts are urgently needed to combat the emerging hypertension burden in low- and middle-income countries.
Authors: Patricia M Kearney; Megan Whelton; Kristi Reynolds; Paul Muntner; Paul K Whelton; Jiang He Journal: Lancet Date: 2005 Jan 15-21 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Clara K Chow; Koon K Teo; Sumathy Rangarajan; Shofiqul Islam; Rajeev Gupta; Alvaro Avezum; Ahmad Bahonar; Jephat Chifamba; Gilles Dagenais; Rafael Diaz; Khawar Kazmi; Fernando Lanas; Li Wei; Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo; Lu Fanghong; Noor Hassim Ismail; Thandi Puoane; Annika Rosengren; Andrzej Szuba; Ahmet Temizhan; Andy Wielgosz; Rita Yusuf; Afzalhussein Yusufali; Martin McKee; Lisheng Liu; Prem Mony; Salim Yusuf Journal: JAMA Date: 2013-09-04 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: José R Banegas; Auxiliadora Graciani; Juan J de la Cruz-Troca; Luz M León-Muñoz; Pilar Guallar-Castillón; Antonio Coca; Luis M Ruilope; Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo Journal: Hypertension Date: 2012-09-04 Impact factor: 10.190
Authors: Mika Kastarinen; Riitta Antikainen; Markku Peltonen; Tiina Laatikainen; Noel C Barengo; Antti Jula; Veikko Salomaa; Pekka Jousilahti; Aulikki Nissinen; Erkki Vartiainen; Jaakko Tuomilehto Journal: J Hypertens Date: 2009-08 Impact factor: 4.844
Authors: Goodarz Danaei; Mariel M Finucane; John K Lin; Gitanjali M Singh; Christopher J Paciorek; Melanie J Cowan; Farshad Farzadfar; Gretchen A Stevens; Stephen S Lim; Leanne M Riley; Majid Ezzati Journal: Lancet Date: 2011-02-03 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Earl S Ford; Umed A Ajani; Janet B Croft; Julia A Critchley; Darwin R Labarthe; Thomas E Kottke; Wayne H Giles; Simon Capewell Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2007-06-07 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Yi Wen; Nathan P Rudemiller; Jiandong Zhang; Xiaohan Lu; Jiafa Ren; Jamie R Privratsky; Robert Griffiths; Junyi J Zhang; Gianna E Hammer; Steven D Crowley Journal: Hypertension Date: 2020-01-27 Impact factor: 10.190