Edina Cenko1, Beatrice Ricci1, Sasko Kedev2, Oliver Kalpak2, Lucian Câlmâc3, Zorana Vasiljevic4, Božidarka Knežević5, Mirza Dilic6, Davor Miličić7, Olivia Manfrini1, Akos Koller8, Maria Dorobantu9, Lina Badimon10, Raffaele Bugiardini11. 1. Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy. 2. University Clinic of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University of St. Cyril & Methodius, Skopje, Macedonia. 3. Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. 4. Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. 5. Clinical Center of Montenegro, Center of Cardiology, Podgorica, Montenegro. 6. Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 7. Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 8. Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Budapest H-1123, Hungary. 9. Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Bucharest University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania. 10. Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institute Carlos III, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 11. Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: raffaele.bugiardini@unibo.it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence of no-reflow as independent predictor of adverse events and to assess whether baseline pre-procedural treatment options may affect clinical outcomes. METHODS: Data were derived from the ISACS-TC registry (NCT01218776) from October 2010 to January 2015. No-reflow was defined as post-PCI TIMI flow grades 0-1, in the absence of post-procedural significant (≥25%) residual stenosis, abrupt vessel closure, dissection, perforation, thrombus of the original target lesion, or epicardial spasm. The outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: No-reflow was identified in 128 of 5997 patients who have undergone PCI (2.1%). On multivariate analysis, patients with no-reflow were more likely to be older (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.44), to have a history of hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.31-2.91) and to be admitted with a diagnosis of STEMI (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.85-4.72). Angiographic characteristics associated with no-reflow phenomenon were: stenosis ≥50% of the right coronary artery, presence of multivessel disease and pre-procedural TIMI blood flow grades 0-1. No-reflow was highly predictive of in-hospital mortality (17.2% vs. 4.2%; adjusted OR: 4.60, 95% CI: 2.61-8.09). Administration of pre-procedural unfractioned heparin or 600mg clopidogrel loading dose was associated with less incidence of no-reflow (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99 and 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37-1.00, respectively). Aspirin, enoxaparin, and 300mg clopidogrel loading dose, did not significantly impact the occurrence of the no-reflow. CONCLUSIONS: We found that pre-procedural administration of 600mg loading dose of clopidogrel and/or unfractioned heparin is associated with reduced incidence of no-reflow.
BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the incidence of no-reflow as independent predictor of adverse events and to assess whether baseline pre-procedural treatment options may affect clinical outcomes. METHODS: Data were derived from the ISACS-TC registry (NCT01218776) from October 2010 to January 2015. No-reflow was defined as post-PCI TIMI flow grades 0-1, in the absence of post-procedural significant (≥25%) residual stenosis, abrupt vessel closure, dissection, perforation, thrombus of the original target lesion, or epicardial spasm. The outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: No-reflow was identified in 128 of 5997 patients who have undergone PCI (2.1%). On multivariate analysis, patients with no-reflow were more likely to be older (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.01-1.44), to have a history of hypercholesterolemia (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.31-2.91) and to be admitted with a diagnosis of STEMI (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.85-4.72). Angiographic characteristics associated with no-reflow phenomenon were: stenosis ≥50% of the right coronary artery, presence of multivessel disease and pre-procedural TIMI blood flow grades 0-1. No-reflow was highly predictive of in-hospital mortality (17.2% vs. 4.2%; adjusted OR: 4.60, 95% CI: 2.61-8.09). Administration of pre-procedural unfractioned heparin or 600mg clopidogrel loading dose was associated with less incidence of no-reflow (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99 and 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37-1.00, respectively). Aspirin, enoxaparin, and 300mg clopidogrel loading dose, did not significantly impact the occurrence of the no-reflow. CONCLUSIONS: We found that pre-procedural administration of 600mg loading dose of clopidogrel and/or unfractioned heparin is associated with reduced incidence of no-reflow.