Sidney H Kennedy1, Raymond W Lam2, Roger S McIntyre3, S Valérie Tourjman4, Venkat Bhat5, Pierre Blier6, Mehrul Hasnain7, Fabrice Jollant5, Anthony J Levitt3, Glenda M MacQueen8, Shane J McInerney3, Diane McIntosh9, Roumen V Milev10, Daniel J Müller3, Sagar V Parikh11, Norma L Pearson12, Arun V Ravindran3, Rudolf Uher13. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario *Co-first authors. sidney.kennedy@uhn.ca. 2. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia *Co-first authors. 3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. 4. Department of Psychiatry, L'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec. 5. Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec. 6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland. 8. Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. 9. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. 10. Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. 11. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 12. Canadian Pharmacists Association, Ottawa, Ontario. 13. Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and recommendations. The scope of the 2016 guidelines remains the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with a target audience of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. METHODS: Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. "Pharmacological Treatments" is the third of six sections of the 2016 guidelines. With little new information on older medications, treatment recommendations focus on second-generation antidepressants. RESULTS: Evidence-informed responses are given for 21 questions under 4 broad categories: 1) principles of pharmacological management, including individualized assessment of patient and medication factors for antidepressant selection, regular and frequent monitoring, and assessing clinical and functional outcomes with measurement-based care; 2) comparative aspects of antidepressant medications based on efficacy, tolerability, and safety, including summaries of newly approved drugs since 2009; 3) practical approaches to pharmacological management, including drug-drug interactions and maintenance recommendations; and 4) managing inadequate response and treatment resistance, with a focus on switching antidepressants, applying adjunctive treatments, and new and emerging agents. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based pharmacological treatments are available for first-line treatment of MDD and for management of inadequate response. However, given the limitations of the evidence base, pharmacological management of MDD still depends on tailoring treatments to the patient.
BACKGROUND: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and recommendations. The scope of the 2016 guidelines remains the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with a target audience of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. METHODS: Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical expert consensus. "Pharmacological Treatments" is the third of six sections of the 2016 guidelines. With little new information on older medications, treatment recommendations focus on second-generation antidepressants. RESULTS: Evidence-informed responses are given for 21 questions under 4 broad categories: 1) principles of pharmacological management, including individualized assessment of patient and medication factors for antidepressant selection, regular and frequent monitoring, and assessing clinical and functional outcomes with measurement-based care; 2) comparative aspects of antidepressant medications based on efficacy, tolerability, and safety, including summaries of newly approved drugs since 2009; 3) practical approaches to pharmacological management, including drug-drug interactions and maintenance recommendations; and 4) managing inadequate response and treatment resistance, with a focus on switching antidepressants, applying adjunctive treatments, and new and emerging agents. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based pharmacological treatments are available for first-line treatment of MDD and for management of inadequate response. However, given the limitations of the evidence base, pharmacological management of MDD still depends on tailoring treatments to the patient.
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