A Prototype Hybrid Gypsum-Based 3-Dimensional Printed Training Model for Computed Tomography-Guided Spinal Pain Management.

This article details design methodology of an anatomically realistic and accurate physical 3-dimensional model of the lumbosacral spine from computed tomography data utilizing 3-dimensional printing. This model is unique in that the radiodense bony lumbosacrum is reconstructed using gypsum, which because of its high calcium content allows for the appropriate imaging characteristics mimicking bone. The model allows trainees to become competent in needle placement for image-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.