Deena B Thomas1, Niladri Basu2, E Angeles Martinez-Mier3, Brisa N Sánchez4, Zhenzhen Zhang4, Yun Liu1, Rajendra Prasad Parajuli5, Karen Peterson6, Adriana Mercado-Garcia7, Morteza Bashash8, Mauricio Hernández-Avila7, Howard Hu9, Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo7. 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 3. Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. 4. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. 5. Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 6. Department of Human Nutrition, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. 7. Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. 8. Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. 9. Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: Howard.Hu@utoronto.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is need to assess the developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride. Our knowledge of prenatal fluoride exposure is challenged as few population-based studies have been conducted and these generally date back several decades, provide incomplete data on sociodemographic variables, and have methodological limitations. OBJECTIVE: To measure urinary and plasma fluoride levels across three time points in pregnant mothers who were enrolled in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort study. METHODS: Fluoride levels were characterized in archived urine and plasma from 872 pregnant mothers sampled from the ELEMENT cohort. Various statistical methods were used to analyze the fluoride data with particular consideration for changes across three stages of pregnancy and against sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: All samples had detectable levels of fluoride. The mean urinary and plasma fluoride levels were 0.91 and 0.0221mg/L respectively, and these were not statistically different across three stages of pregnancy. Fluoride levels correlated across the stages of pregnancy studied, with stronger correlations between neighboring stages. Urinary fluoride changed as pregnancy progressed with levels increasing until ~23 weeks and then decreasing until the end of pregnancy. For plasma fluoride, there was a decreasing trend but this was not of statistical significance. Creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride levels did not associate consistently with any of the sociodemographic variables studied. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the most extensive characterization to date of fluoride exposure throughout pregnancy. These results provide the foundation to explore exposure-related health outcomes in the ELEMENT cohort and other studies.
BACKGROUND: There is need to assess the developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride. Our knowledge of prenatal fluoride exposure is challenged as few population-based studies have been conducted and these generally date back several decades, provide incomplete data on sociodemographic variables, and have methodological limitations. OBJECTIVE: To measure urinary and plasma fluoride levels across three time points in pregnant mothers who were enrolled in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort study. METHODS:Fluoride levels were characterized in archived urine and plasma from 872 pregnant mothers sampled from the ELEMENT cohort. Various statistical methods were used to analyze the fluoride data with particular consideration for changes across three stages of pregnancy and against sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: All samples had detectable levels of fluoride. The mean urinary and plasma fluoride levels were 0.91 and 0.0221mg/L respectively, and these were not statistically different across three stages of pregnancy. Fluoride levels correlated across the stages of pregnancy studied, with stronger correlations between neighboring stages. Urinary fluoride changed as pregnancy progressed with levels increasing until ~23 weeks and then decreasing until the end of pregnancy. For plasma fluoride, there was a decreasing trend but this was not of statistical significance. Creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride levels did not associate consistently with any of the sociodemographic variables studied. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the most extensive characterization to date of fluoride exposure throughout pregnancy. These results provide the foundation to explore exposure-related health outcomes in the ELEMENT cohort and other studies.
Authors: Yun Liu; Martha Téllez-Rojo; Brisa N Sánchez; Adrienne S Ettinger; Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez; Maritsa Solano; Howard Hu; Karen E Peterson Journal: Environ Int Date: 2019-11-11 Impact factor: 9.621
Authors: Emily A Adkins; Kimberly Yolton; Jeffrey R Strawn; Frank Lippert; Patrick H Ryan; Kelly J Brunst Journal: Environ Res Date: 2021-10-29 Impact factor: 6.498
Authors: Morteza Bashash; Deena Thomas; Howard Hu; E Angeles Martinez-Mier; Brisa N Sanchez; Niladri Basu; Karen E Peterson; Adrienne S Ettinger; Robert Wright; Zhenzhen Zhang; Yun Liu; Lourdes Schnaas; Adriana Mercado-García; Martha María Téllez-Rojo; Mauricio Hernández-Avila Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2017-09-19 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Yun Liu; Martha Téllez-Rojo; Howard Hu; Brisa N Sánchez; E Angeles Martinez-Mier; Niladri Basu; Adriana Mercado-García; Maritsa Solano-González; Karen E Peterson Journal: Environ Health Date: 2019-03-29 Impact factor: 5.984
Authors: Christine Till; Rivka Green; John G Grundy; Richard Hornung; Raichel Neufeld; E Angeles Martinez-Mier; Pierre Ayotte; Gina Muckle; Bruce Lanphear Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2018-10 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz; Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez; Martha M Téllez-Rojo; Ana Boischio; Nelly Mañay; José Antonio Menezes-Filho; Elena I Queirolo; Sandra Cortés; Katarzyna Kordas Journal: Ann Glob Health Date: 2022-09-14 Impact factor: 3.640
Authors: Gina A Castiblanco-Rubio; Teresa V Muñoz-Rocha; Martha M Téllez-Rojo; Adrienne S Ettinger; Adriana Mercado-García; Karen E Peterson; Howard Hu; Alejandra Cantoral; E Angeles Martínez-Mier Journal: Biol Trace Elem Res Date: 2021-06-26 Impact factor: 4.081
Authors: Philippe Grandjean; Howard Hu; Christine Till; Rivka Green; Morteza Bashash; David Flora; Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo; Peter Song; Bruce Lanphear; Esben Budtz-Jørgensen Journal: medRxiv Date: 2020-11-04