Two new species and new provincial records of aleocharine rove beetles from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae).

Two new species, Atheta pseudovestita Klimaszewski & Langor, sp. n., Silusa prettyae Klimaszewski & Langor, sp. n., are described, and 16 new provincial records, including one new country record, of aleocharine beetles are presented for the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Diagnostics, images of habitus and genital structures, distribution, bionomics information and new locality data are provided for the newly recorded species. A new checklist with 189 species of aleocharines recorded from the province is presented.

Introduction

In the first comprehensive survey of the fauna of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), 172 species in 47 genera and 12 tribes were reported (Klimaszewski et al. 2011). Since this treatment of aleocharine beetles, new specimens have become available for study resulting in the discovery of additional species. Klimaszewski et al. (2015a) published a study of Canadian and Alaskan Casey and subgenus Mulsant & Rey of Thomson with new records of adventive Palaearctic Scriba from Labrador and New Brunswick. They removed (Mäklin) from the Newfoundland list of species on the basis of misidentification. The present, updated list of aleocharines from Newfoundland stands at 189 (Table 1). In this contribution, two species new to science and 16 new provincial records, including one new country record, are provided. As well, an updated checklist of all species from the province is provided (Table 1).

Table 1.

Species of recorded from Newfoundland and Labrador and their provincial distribution within Canada. Provinces in bold denote new records given in the present publication. *Considered adventive in North America. **Distribution status Holarctic.

TRIBE GYMNUSINI
Gymnusa atra Casey**	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, AB, YT, NU, NT, BC. USA: AK
Gymnusa brevicollis (Paykull)*	NF
Gymnusa campbelli Klimaszewski	NF, NB, QC, ON, MB, SK, YT, NT. USA: AK
Gymnusa grandiceps Casey	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB. USA: New England states
Gymnusa lindrothi Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Gymnusa pseudovariegata Klimaszewski	NF, NS, NT, BC. USA: AK
Gymnusa smetanai Klimaszewski**	NF, ON, MB, NT, YT. USA: AK
TRIBE DEINOPSINI
Deinopsis canadensis Klimaszewski	NF, ON
Deinopsis harringtoni Casey	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON. USA: AK
TRIBE ALEOCHARINI
Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal*	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, BC. USA: New England states
Aleochara bimaculata Gravenhorst	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, BC. USA: wide distribution
Aleochara caseyi Likovský	NF, NB, QC, ON. USA: New England states
Aleochara castaneipennis Mannerheim	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, AB, BC. USA: AK
Aleochara curtula (Goeze)*	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON, BC. USA: New England states
Aleochara fumata Gravenhorst*	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON, MB, AB, YT, BC. USA: widespread
Aleochara gracilicornis Bernhauer	NL, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT, NT, BC; USA: AZ, CO, FL, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NH, NJ, NM, NY, PA, RI, SD, UT
Aleochara inexpectata Klimaszewski (NPR)	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON. USA: MI, WI
Aleochara lacertina Sharp	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, BC
Aleochara lanuginosa Gravenhorst*	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, AB, BC. USA: AK
Aleochara litoralis (Mäklin)	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, BC. USA: AK
Aleochara sekanai Klimaszewski	LB, NB, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT. USA: AK
Aleochara shelleyae Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Aleochara sculptiventris (Casey)	NF, NB, QC, ON. USA: widely distributed in the east
Aleochara tahoensis Casey (NPR)	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT, NT, BC
Aleochara tristis Gravenhorst*	NF, NB, QC. USA: CA
Aleochara verna Say	NF, LB, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT, BC. USA: AK
Tinotus morion (Gravenhorst)*	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, SK, AB, BC. USA: CT, NV
TRIBE OXYPODINI
Crataraea suturalis (Mannerheim)*	LB, NB, NS, ON, SK, BC. USA: IL, MA, MO, PA, SC, VA, VT
Devia prospera (Erichson)**	LB, NB, ON, SK, AB, YT, NT, BC. USA: AK, CO, MI, MN, NM, OR, SD, UT, WA, WY
Gnathusa alfacaribou Klimaszewski & Langor	LB
Ilyobates bennetti Donistorphe* (NPR)	NF, NB, NS, QC
Meotica pseudowinkleri Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Mniusa minutissima (Klimaszewski & Langor)	NF, NB
Neothetalia canadiana Klimaszewski	NF, QC, YT, BC. USA: AK
Ocyusa canadensis Lohse	NF, NB, ON, SK, YT. USA: AK
Oxypoda brachyptera Stephens*	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON
Oxypoda canadensis Klimaszewski	NF, QC, ON, MB, AB, NT
Oxypoda convergens Casey	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, AB. USA: IA, MO, NY
Oxypoda demissa Casey	NF, NS, QC, ON
Oxypoda frigida Bernhauer	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, YT, NT, BC. USA: AK
Oxypoda grandipennis (Casey)	NF, LB, NB, NS, QC, ON, SK, AB, YT, BC. USA: AK, NH
Oxypoda hiemalis Casey	NF, LB, NB, NS, QC, ON, AB, NT. USA: AK
Oxypoda inimica Casey	NF, NB, QC, NT. USA: MA
Oxypoda lacustris Casey	NF, LB, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT, NT, BC. USA: AK
Oxypoda lucidula Casey	NF, QC, ON, MB, AB, YT, NT. USA: AK, IA, MO, NH, NY
Oxypoda opaca (Gravenhorst)*	NF, NS, ON, BC. USA: NC, NY, SC, VT
Oxypoda operta Sjöberg*	NF, NS, QC, ON, AB. USA: NH
Oxypoda orbicollis Casey	LB, NB, NS, QC, ON, SK, AB, YT. USA: WI
Oxypoda pseudolacustris Klimaszewski	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, SK, AB
Parocyusa americana (Casey) (NPR)	NF, ON. USA: NY
Parocyusa fuliginosa (Casey)	NF. USA: NC
Phloeopora canadensis Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
TRIBE TACHYUSINI
Brachyusa helenae (Casey)	NF, NT. USA: AK
Gnypeta atrolucens Casey	NF, LB, QC. USA: NY
Gnypeta caerulea (C.R. Sahlberg)**	NF, LB, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT, BC. USA: AK
Gnypeta carbonaria (Mannerheim)**	NF, NB, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, NT. USA: AK
Gnypeta minuta Klimaszewski & Webster	NF, NB
Gnypeta nigrella (LeConte)	NF, NB. USA: MA, PA, MD, VT
Gnypeta selmani Brundin**	NF, LB, QC, MB, SK, YT, NT. USA: AK
Tachyusa americanoides Paśnik	NF, NB, ON, MB, AB, NT, BC. USA: NH, NY, MA
TRIBE BOREOCYPHINI
Boreocypha websteri Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, LB, NB
TRIBE MYLLAENINI
Myllaena arcana Casey	NF, LB, NB, NS, QC, ON, SK, AB. USA: AL, FL, IA, IL, MA, NH, NJ. Mexico.
Myllaena audax Casey	NF, NB, QC, ON, NT, BC. USA: IL, LA, MA, NJ, NY, OR, RI, UT, WA
Myllaena insomnis Casey	NF, LB, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT, BC. USA: AK, ID, MA, MN, WI
Myllaena procidua Casey (NPR)	NF, NB, QC. USA: MA, MD, VA
TRIBE AUTALIINI
Autalia rivularis (Gravenhorst)*	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, AB, BC. USA: NH
TRIBE HOMALOTINI
Gyrophaena affinis Mannerheim*	NF, NB, NS, QC, MB, BC. USA: DC, IA, IL, IN, KY, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NM, NY, PA, TN, WA, WI, WV
Gyrophaena antennalis Casey	NF, NB, NS. USA: MA, NC, NY
Gyrophaena chippewa Seevers	NF, NB. USA: MI, NC, WI
Gyrophaena criddlei Casey	LB, NB, ON, MB, SK, YT
Gyrophaena insolens Casey	NF, LB, NB, ON, MB, SK, BC. USA: MI
Gyrophaena involuta Casey	NF, NB. USA: MA, ME, NY, WI
Gyrophaena keeni Casey	NF, NB, QC, ON, AB, YT, BC. USA: FL, MA, MT, NH, NY, TN, WA, WI
Gyrophaena laetula Casey	NF, NB. USA: DC, IL, IN, KY, MA, NY, PA, TN, VA, WI
Gyrophaena modesta Casey	NF, NB, NS. USA: IL, IN, MI, MN, NH
Gyrophaena nana (Paykull)**	NF, ON, MB, YT, BC. USA: AK, MA, ME, MI, MT, WI, WY
Gyrophaena nanoides Seevers	NF, NB, QC. USA: MI, NC, NY, PA
Gyrophaena neonana Seevers	NF, YT. USA: NC, PA, WI
Homalota plana (Gyllenhal)*	NF, NB, NS, AB. USA: AK
Leptusa brevicollis Casey	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON. USA: MA, NC, NH, NY, PA, VA, VT
Leptusa canonica Casey	NF, NS, QC, ON. USA: IA, MS, OH, PA, TX
Leptusa gatineauensis Klimaszewski & Pelletier	NF, NS, QC, ON, BC
Leptusa opaca Casey	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON. USA: AR, GA, NC, NY, PA, RI, WI
Silusa californica Bernhauer	NF, NB, NS, QC, AB, BC. USA: AK, CA, MN
Silusa densa Fenyes	NF, AB. USA: CA
Silusa prettyae Klimaszewski & Langor, sp. n. (NCR, NPR)	NF
Silusida marginella (Casey)	NF, NB, NS, ON. USA: CA, IA, NY, PA
TRIBE PLACUSINI
Placusa incompleta Sjöberg*	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, AB, BC. USA: WA
Placusa tacomae Casey	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, AB, YT, NT, BC. USA: AZ, MA, WA, WI
TRIBE ATHETINI
Acrotona sequestralis Klimaszewski & Langor	NF. USA: IA
Acrotona pseudopygmaea Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Alevonota gracilenta (Erichson) (NPR)	NF, NB, ON
Aloconota sulcifrons (Stephens)*	NF, NB, QC, ON. USA: AL, IL, IN, KY, MO, NH, NY, TN, VA, WV
Aloconota neocambrica Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, LB, NB
Amischa analis (Gravenhorst)*	NF, NB, NS, PE, ON. USA: CA, IN, PA
Atheta acadiensis Klimaszewski & Majka	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC
Atheta altaica Bernhauer**	NF, YT, NT. USA: AK
Atheta amicula (Stephens)*	NF, NS. USA: WA
Atheta annexa Casey	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON. USA: AL, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MO, MS, NC, NY, OH, TN, VA, WI, WY
Atheta atramentaria (Gyllenhal)*	NF
Atheta avalon Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Atheta borealis Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Atheta burwelli (Lohse)	NF, NB, QC
Atheta campbelli (Lohse)	NF, YT. USA: AK
Atheta capsularis Klimaszewski	NF, NB, QC
Atheta caribou (Lohse)	NF, YT
Atheta celata (Erichson)**	NF, NB, NS, QC, SK, BC. USA: AK
Atheta circulicollis Lohse	NF, QC
Atheta crenuliventris Bernhauer [=bradorensis (Lohse)]	NF, NB, QC. USA: ME
Atheta cryptica (Lohse)	NF, QC, YT, BC
Atheta curvipennis Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, LB
Atheta dadopora Thomson**	NF, LB, NB, NS, PE, ON, SK, AB, YT, BC. USA: AK, NY, PA, RI
Atheta districta Casey	NF, NB, NS, BC
Atheta fanatica Casey	NF, NB, NS, QC, BC. USA: AK, NV
Atheta frosti Bernhauer	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, BC. USA: MA, NC, NH, NY, PA, RI, VT
Atheta giguereae Klimaszewski & Webster (NPR)	NF, NB, NS, ON
Atheta graminicola (Gravenhorst)**	NF, NB, QC, ON, MB, AB, YT, NT, BC. USA: AK
Atheta hampshirensis Bernhauer	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, BC. USA: AK, CA, NC, NH, NY, OR, PA, RI, WA
Atheta klagesi Bernhauer (NPR) [redefined]	NF, NB, for the rest of Canada needs to be revised. USA: ME, PA
Atheta lindrothi Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Atheta longicornis (Gravenhorst)*	NF, NB, NS, QC. USA: MN
Atheta nearctica (Lohse)	NF, YT, NT. USA: AK
Atheta novascotiae Klimaszewski & Majka	NF, NB, NS. Saint-Pierre et Miquelon (France)
Atheta pecki Klimaszewski & Langor	LB
Atheta pennsylvanica Bernhauer	NF, LB, NB, NS, QC, ON. USA: IN, PA, RI, VA
Atheta platanoffi Brundin**	NF, LB, NB, NS, ON, AB, YT, BC. USA: AK
Atheta prudhoensis (Lohse)	NF, NB, NS, ON, YT. USA: AK, VT
Atheta pseudocrenuliventris Klimaszewski	NF, NB, NS
Atheta pseudodistricta Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Atheta pseudoklagesi Klimaszewski & Webster (NPR) [redefined]	NF, NB, for the rest of Canada needs to be revised.
Atheta pseudomodesta Klimaszewski	NF, QC
Atheta pseudosubtilis Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, LB, NB, QC, AB, YT
Atheta pseudovestita Klimaszewski & Langor, sp. n. (NCR, NPR)	NF
Atheta regissalmonis (Lohse)	NF. USA: AK
Atheta remulsa Casey	NF, NB, NS, AB, YT, BC
Atheta savardae Klimaszewski & Majka	NF, NB, NS, QC
Atheta sculptisoma Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, QC
Atheta strigosula Casey	NF, NB, YT. USA: NY
Atheta subtilis (Scriba)* (NPR)	LB, NB
Atheta terranovae Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, LB, QC
Atheta ventricosa Bernhauer	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, AB, YT, BC. USA: AK, DC, NC, NJ, NY, PA, VT
Atheta vestita (Gravenhorst)*	NF, NB, NS
Boreophilia eremita (Rey)**	NF, NB. USA: AK
Boreophilia islandica (Kraatz)**	NF, AB, NU, YT. USA: AK
Boreophilia nearctica Lohse	NF, QC, MB, YT. USA: AK
Boreophilia ovalis Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Boreostiba frigida (J. Sahlberg)**	NF, QC, YT, NT. USA: AK
Boreostiba parvipennis (Bernhauer)	NF, LB, QC, AB, YT, NT. USA: AK, NH
Boreostiba websteri Klimaszewski & Langor	LB, NB
Callicerus rigidicornis (Erichson)* (NPR)	NF, ON
Clusiota impressicollis (Bernhauer)	NF, NB, QC, BC
Dinaraea angustula (Gyllenhal)*	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, AB. USA: CA, NY
Dinaraea pacei Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, LB, NB, QC, AB, YT, BC. USA: AK
Dochmonota rudiventris (Eppelsheim)* or **	NF, NB, YT, NT. USA: ID, MA
Earota dentata (Bernhauer)	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, AB, YT, BC. USA: AK, AL, AZ, CO, IA, IL, NC, NJ, NM, OR, VA, WA
Geostiba circellaris (Gravenhorst)*	NF, NB
Hydrosmecta borealis Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Hydrosmecta newfoundlandica Klimaszewski & Langor	NF. Miquelon (France)
Liogluta aloconoides Lohse	NF, LB, NS, QC, AB, YT
Liogluta nigropolita (Bernhauer)	NF, QC, YT
Liogluta gigantea Klimaszewski & Langor	LB
Liogluta intermedia Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Lypoglossa angularis obtusa (LeConte)	NF, NS, QC. USA: ME, NH
Lypoglossa franclemonti Hoebeke	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT. USA: NY, VT
Mocyta breviuscula (Mäklin)	NF, NB, NS, MB, YT, NT, BC. USA: AK
Mocyta fungi (Gravenhorst)*	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON, YT, BC. USA: AK
Mocyta luteola (Erichson) (NPR)	NF, NB, QC, ON. USA: MA, MN, NY
Mocyta sphagnorum Klimaszewski & Webster (NPR)	NF, NB, QC, ON
Nehemitropia lividipennis (Mannerheim)*	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON. USA: CA, LA, MA, MN, NE, NM, NY, PA, VT, TX
Paragoniusa myrmicae Maruyama & Klimaszewski	NF, AB, BC
Philhygra botanicarum (Muona)**	NF, LB, NB, NS, ON, SK, YT, BC
Philhygra hygrotopora (Kraatz)* (NPR)	NF, NB
Philhygra jarmilae Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, NB, ON, SK, YT
Philhygra larsoni Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Philhygra luridipennis (Mannerheim)*	NF, NB, ON
Philhygra malleoides Lohse	NF, QC, MB, NT. USA: AK
Philhygra pohli Klimaszewski &Langor	NF
Philhygra pseudopolaris Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, QC, MB, YT, NT. USA: AK
Philhygra pseudoterminalis Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
Philhygra ripicoloides Lohse	NF, YT, NT
Philhygra rostrifera Lohse	LB, SK, NT, YT. USA: AK
Philhygra sinuipennis Klimaszewski & Langor	NF, LB, NB, SK, YT
Philhygra varula (Casey)	NF, NB, QC, MB, QC
Seeversiella globicollis (Bernhauer)	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, SK, AB, BC. USA: AZ, CO, ID, MN, MT, NH, SD, WI. Mexico. Guatemala
Stethusa spuriella (Casey) (NPR)	NF, ON. USA: DE, GA, FL, IN, NY, OH, PA, MO
Strigota ambigua (Erichson)	NF, NS. USA: CA, CO, CT, IA, KS, MO, NC, NJ, NM, NY, TX
Trichiusa pseudopostica Klimaszewski & Langor	NF
TRIBE LOMECHUSINI
Drusilla canaliculata (Fabricius)*	NF, NB, NS, PE, QC, ON. USA: AK, KY, NY
Zyras obliquus (Casey)	NF, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, AB, BC. USA: MI, MO, NH, NY, OR
SPECIES REMOVED FROM NF LIST
Atheta pratensis (Mäklin) [misidentification for Atheta subtilis]	USA: AK

Materials and methods

All specimens in this study were dissected to examine the genital structures. Extracted genital structures were dehydrated in absolute alcohol, mounted in Canada balsam on celluloid micro-slides, and pinned with the specimens from which they originated. Images of the entire body and the genital structures were taken using an image processing system (Nikon SMZ 1500 stereoscopic microscope; Nikon Digital Camera DXM 1200F, and Adobe Photoshop software).

Morphological terminology mainly follows that used by Seevers (1978) and Klimaszewski et al. (2011). The ventral side of the median lobe of the aedeagus is considered to be the side of the bulbus containing the foramen mediale, the entrance of the ductus ejaculatorius, and the adjacent ventral side of the tubus of the median lobe with the internal sac and its structures (this part is referred to as the parameral side in some recent publications); the opposite side is referred to as the dorsal side. In the species descriptions, microsculpture refers to the surface of the upper forebody (head, pronotum and elytra).

Depository/institutional abbreviations

LFC

Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, R. Martineau Insectarium, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

MUN

Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador (on long-term loan to D. Langor, Edmonton, Alberta)

Abbreviations of Canadian provinces and territories

AB

– Alberta

BC

– British Columbia

LB

– Labrador

MB

– Manitoba

NB

– New Brunswick

NF

– Newfoundland

NS

– Nova Scotia

NT

– Northwest Territories

NU

– Nunavut

ON

– Ontario

PE

– Prince Edward Island

QC

– Quebec

SK

– Saskatchewan

YT

– Yukon Territory

USA state abbreviations follow those of the US Postal Service.

Discussion

Of the 189 species currently known from NL, 31 are adventive, 17 Holarctic, and 141 are Nearctic. The high percentage (16.4%) of adventive species is not surprising because NL was one of the first Canadian provinces with well-established trade with Europe dating back to the 17th century. Genera with the highest number of adventive species are (5 spp.) and (5 spp.), and the tribe (15 spp., including 5 spp.), which contains the majority of aleocharine species. The relatively high percentage of Holarctic species (8.9%) found in NL is due to the distribution of some Holarctic species at higher latitudes in both North America and Europe (e.g., , many , and some ).

Detailed provincial faunal surveys provide a clear and comprehensive biodiversity dataset to establish baseline biodiversity composition where ecosystems are undergoing rapid change due to anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. Species from this family and subfamily are known to be exceptionally good ecological indicators and are increasingly being used to assess ecosystem resistance and resilience in the wake of development and environmental changes (Pohl et al. 2007, 2008, Langor, unpublished data). This paper contributes to improving baseline knowledge of the in the province of NL.

The extensive sampling efforts for insects in the province to date have resulted in 189 known aleocharine species. Undoubtedly, more will be discovered over time with additional sampling and further taxonomic study. However, we believe that due to intensive sampling efforts in NF and LB conducted in recent years (Langor in Klimaszewski et al. 2011), the vast majority of the most common and widely distributed species are now known, so new future additions to the fauna will likely be species associated with rare or poorly sampled microhabitats. As well, the subarctic and arctic northern part of Labrador is poorly sampled but likely contains yet-unrecorded species from the province.

New taxonomic records

Fleming

Klimaszewski

Figs 1–7

Figures 1–7.

Klimaszewski: 1 habitus in dorsal view 2 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 3 male tergite VIII 4 male sternite VIII 5 female tergite VIII 6 female sternite VIII 7 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Diagnosis.

Body length 3.0–6.5 mm, piceous-to-black, with tarsi, last articles of labial and maxillary palpi and often posterior margin of elytra rust-brown (Fig. 1). This species is externally very similar to Gravenhorst from which it differs by the shape of the sclerites of the internal sac of the aedeagus (Fig. 2), the shape of the spermatheca (Fig. 7), and the smooth apical margin of male tergite VIII (Fig. 3). For a more detailed description, see Klimaszewski (1984).

Bionomics.

In Newfoundland, adults were collected in moose dung near a bog, and in bear and sheep/horse dung. In New Brunswick, adults were captured from fresh moose dung in an eastern white cedar swamp and in decaying sea wrack resting on vegetation on the upper margin of a salt marsh (Webster et al. 2009). The adults were collected from May to July.

Casey

Figs 8–14

Figures 8–14.

Casey: 8 habitus in dorsal view 9 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 10 male tergite VIII 11 male sternite VIII 12 female tergite VIII 13 female sternite VIII 14 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Body length 4.5–7.0 mm, robust, dark brown to black, with legs, labial and maxillary palpi and most of elytra (except for scutellar section) rust-brown (Fig. 8); maximum distance between eyes equal to 2.5 times maximum diameter of eye (Fig. 8). This species is externally very similar to Bernhauer from which it differs by having a wider distance between eyes (2.0 times maximum diameter of eye in ). It may be distinguished from all species of by the shape of median lobe and the sclerites of the internal sac of the aedeagus (Fig. 9), and the shape of the spermatheca (Fig. 14). For a more detailed description, see Klimaszewski (1984).

In Newfoundland, adults were collected from among beach rocks and detritus. Elsewhere, adults were captured from flood debris, swampy areas, debris around dead elm and from a moose carcass (Klimaszewski 1984). Most specimens collected in southwestern USA were found at high altitudes up to 2438 m. The adults were collected from May to September.

Bernhauer

Figs 15–22

Figures 15–22.

Bernhauer: 15 habitus in dorsal view 16 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 17 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 18 male tergite VIII 19 male sternite VIII 20 female tergite VIII 21 female sternite VIII 22 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Body length 4.0–6.0 mm, robust, dark brown to black, with legs or only tarsi, labial and maxillary palpi and most of elytra (except sides and for scutellar section) rust-brown to yellowish-brown (Fig. 15); maximum distance between eyes equal to 2.0 times maximum diameter of eye (Fig. 15). This species is externally very similar to Bernhauer from which it differs by having a narrower distance between eyes (2.5 times maximum diameter of eye in ). It may be distinguished from all species of by the shape of the median lobe and the sclerites of the internal sac of the aedeagus (Fig. 16), and the shape of the spermatheca (Fig. 22). For a more detailed description, see Klimaszewski (1984).

In North America, adults were collected from debris among vegetation in a temporary creek, from leaves and debris at the edge of deciduous forest and from flood debris, in swampy habitats, and in an old beaver lodge and on carrion (Klimaszewski 1984). Specimens were collected from March to September at altitudes up to 2651 m.

Thomson

Donistorphe

Figs 23–30

Figures 23–30.

Donistorphe: 23 habitus in dorsal view 24 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 25 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 26 male tergite VIII 27 male sternite VIII 28 female tergite VIII 29 female sternite VIII 30 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

This species is easily distinguishable from other aleocharines by its distinctive body shape, integument with coarse and dense punctation and pubescence (Fig. 23), and the genital structures (Figs 24, 25, 30). Body colour is reddish to almost black.

In Newfoundland, specimens were captured in mixed boreal forest using pitfall traps. In New Brunswick, this adventive species was collected in litter at the base of a tree in a silver maple swamp, in flood debris along a river margin, and among decaying corncobs and cornhusks near a home in a forested residential area (Webster et al. 2009). Majka and Klimaszewski (2008) reported this species from pitfall traps in pastures and a blueberry field in Nova Scotia. In Europe, this species has been reported from similar habitats (Assing 1999). Adults were collected from June to August.

Comments.

This adventive species is well established in eastern Canada.

(Casey)

Figs 31–34

Figures 31–34.

(Casey): 31 habitus in dorsal view 32 female tergite VIII 33 female sternite VIII 34 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

This species is easily recognized to genus by the shape of its habitus with subparallel body, deeply impressed and coarsely punctate first three visible abdominal tergites, elongate pronotum, very long tarsi with hind tarsi almost as long as tibia (Fig. 31), and the shape of spermatheca (Figs 34). The only other known Nearctic species, (Casey), is darker, with a slightly shorter and more densely punctate pronotum, and has quadrate to slightly transverse antennomeres VIII-X (see Fig. 28 in Klimaszewski et al. 2011).

In Newfoundland, one female was captured in a pitfall trap in September from a coniferous forest. In Ontario, females of were found on a stream bank and in a dry stream bed under a rock (Brunke et al. 2012).

This is the second record of this species from Canada, and it is much further east than the first record from Ontario by Brunke et al. (2012). We expect to occur broadly over northeastern North America in riparian habitats. At both Canadian localities only females were captured, and the original description is also based on a female specimen captured in Peekskill, New York (Casey 1906).

Casey

(Erichson)

Figs 35–43

Figures 35–43.

(Erichson): 35 habitus in dorsal view 36, 37 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 38 male tergite VIII 39 male sternite VIII 40 female tergite VIII 41 female sternite VIII 42, 43 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

This species is easily distinguishable from other aleocharines by its small (1.8–3.4 mm) and elongate body (Fig. 35), small eyes, and distinctive genitalia (Figs 36–37, 42–43). Head and abdomen, except for the posterior margins of the segments and the apex, dark brown to blackish; pronotum brown to dark brown; elytra yellowish-brown to brown; legs yellowish; antennae yellowish to yellowish-brown, or rarely the whole body may be considerably darker or paler (Fig. 35). For a more detailed description, see Assing and Wunderle (2008) and Brunke et al. (2012).

apparently prefers a wide range of unforested habitats in its native range, but is usually only collected in small numbers and using passive traps (Assing and Wunderle 2008). It was suggested that known specimens represent dispersing individuals and that the real habitat preferences of this species remain unknown, but are possibly subterranean (Assing and Wunderle 2008). In Newfoundland, one male was captured in an agricultural field in July. In New Brunswick, specimens were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in hardwood forests, a mixed forest, PageBreakand an old white pine ( L.) stand. In southern Ontario, specimens were captured in pitfall traps in soybean fields and hedgerows (Brunke et al. 2012). Adults were captured in Canada from May to July.

The accidental introduction of this obscure Palaearctic species into North America is surprising and may be recent as all known first discovered specimens are from 2009–2010 from two contiguous counties in southern Ontario (Brunke et al. 2012). The presence of this uncommon species in New Brunswick and Newfoundland suggests that it may have been introduced into Canada earlier than previously thought and had been missed due to a lack of adequate sampling in the Atlantic Provinces (Webster et al. 2016). A specimen from Colorado, identified as by G.A. Lohse, is deposited in the CNC (A. Davies, personal communication) and study of this specimen may reveal that native species occur in North America (Brunke et al. 2012).

Klimaszewski & Webster

Figs 44–51

Figures 44–51.

Klimaszewski & Webster: 44 habitus in dorsal view 45 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 46 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 47 male tergite VIII 48 male sternite VIII 49 female tergite VIII 50 female sternite VIII 51 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

may be distinguished by the following combination of characters: body length 2.7 mm, narrowly elongate, dark brown with paler legs and basal antennal articles, integument strongly glossy (Fig. 44); median lobe of aedeagus with bulbus narrowly oval, tubus broad, short, and rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 46), and produced ventrally and with apical part triangular in lateral view (Fig. 45); male tergite VIII truncate apically and broadly arcuate (Fig. 47); male sternite VIII almost evenly rounded apically (Fig. 48); female tergite VIII with apical margin arcuate (Fig. 49); sternite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 50); spermatheca with broad pitcher-shaped capsule with large apical invagination and sinuate stem narrowly looped and twisted posteriorly (Fig. 51). For a more detailed description, see Webster et al. (2016).

In Newfoundland, one female was collected in a pitfall trap in a mixed boreal forest in July. In New Brunswick, was found in mature and old-growth eastern white cedar swamps, a mixed forest, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, and an old white pine stand (Webster et al. 2016). Adults were sifted from moss and leaf litter near streams and brooks and from moist moss in these forests (Webster et al. 2016). A few individuals were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. Specimens from Nova Scotia were captured in flight intercept traps in red spruce and red spruce–hemlock forests (Webster et al. 2016). Adults were collected from April to August.

Bernhauer

Figs 52–60

Figures 52–60.

Bernhauer: 52 habitus in dorsal view 53 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 54 apical part of tubus of median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 55 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 56 male tergite VIII 57 male sternite VIII 58 female tergite VIII 59 female sternite VIII 60 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

is very similar to , and may be distinguished from it by the following combination of characters: body slightly smaller in size and more glossy, yellowish spots on elytra more intense, more intense yellowish colouration of legs, bases of antennae and maxillary palps and overall more contrasting body colour (Fig. 52); median lobe of aedeagus has shorter tubus and a more arcuate and slightly differently shaped apex (Figs 53, 54); spermatheca (Fig. 60) is very similarly shaped in both species and females may be difficult to identify unless collected with males.

In Newfoundland, adults were collected in pitfall traps in boreal conifer forests in July and August.

See comments under the next species.

Klimaszewski & Webster

Figs 61–68

Figures 61–68.

Klimaszewski & Webster: 61 habitus in dorsal view 62 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 63 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 64 male tergite VIII 65 male sternite VIII 66 female tergite VIII 67 female sternite VIII 68 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

This is a sibling species of and was previously confused with the latter in collections. It may be distinguished from by its slightly larger size, less glossy body, less intense yellowish colouration of spots on elytra, legs, bases of antennae and maxillary palps, and overall less contrasting body colour (Fig. 61); median lobe of aedeagus has longer tubus and slightly different shape of apex in lateral view (Fig. 62); spermatheca (Fig. 68) is very similarly shaped in both species and females may be difficult to identify without accompanying males.

In Newfoundland, adults were collected in pitfall traps in boreal forests in July and August. In New Brunswick, adults of this species were found in mature mixed forest, old-growth and old white spruce and balsam fir forests, a mature red spruce forest, and in a wet alder swamp. Specimens were collected from coral on a log, fleshy polypore at base of a dead standing , in decaying gilled mushrooms, in gilled mushrooms, and under bark of red spruce (Webster et al. 2016). Adults were collected from May to September.

In the past, the two sibling species were mixed together and identified as . All material across Canada and the USA needs to be re-examined for understanding the true distribution of the two species. In this paper, only Newfoundland and New Brunswick specimens were re-evaluated (Webster et al. 2016).

Klimaszewski & Langor sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/26039838-24D6-4BA9-A030-4533193F7EA0

Figs 69–76

Figures 69–76.

Klimaszewski & Langor, sp. n.: 69 habitus in dorsal view 70 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 71 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 72 male tergite VIII 73 male sternite VIII 74 female tergite VIII 75 female sternite VIII 76 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Holotype

(female). Canada, Newfoundland, St. Teresa, , 2 m altitude, 26-VI-2011, under detritus upper beach, D. Langor & G. Pohl (LFC).

Paratypes.

Canada, Newfoundland: Cape Broyle, , 2 m altitude, 23-VI-2011, in vegetation and gravel on river bank, D. Langor & G. Pohl (MUN) 1 female; Cheeseman Provincial Park, , 4 m altitude, 23-VI-2011, under beach detritus, D. Langor & G. Pohl (MUN) 1 female; Same data as before except: , 27-VII-2011, treading marsh shore (LFC) 1 male; same data as before except: 2 m altitude, in detritus along seashore (LFC, MUN) 2 males; Searston, , 7 m altitude, 23-VI-2011, under seaweed on sandy beach, D. Langor & G. Pohl (MUN) 1 male; Stephenville Crossing, , 3 m, 22-VI-2011, D. Langor & G. Pohl (LFC, MUN) 2 males, 2 females.

Etymology.

is a Latin adjective derived from the specific name of a very similar, adventive Palaearctic species occurring in Newfoundland – (Gravenhorst) and the prefix pseudo meaning false.

Body length 3.5–3.9 mm; body moderately narrow (Fig. 69); head, antennal articles III-XI, pronotum, base of elytra, and abdomen dark brown, but legs and posterior part of elytra paler, yellowish to rust-brown; integument moderately glossy (more so than in ), sparsely punctate and pubescent, pubescence short and adhering to the body, with dense meshed microsculpture, denser on forebody, sculpticells hexagonal; head round, about as wide and as long as pronotum, with eyes shorter than postocular area; antennae with articles I-V elongate and VI-X subquadrate to slightly transverse (Fig. 69); pronotum margined laterally, trapezoidal in form in dorsal view, narrowest at base, widening apically to about apical third and then abruptly narrowed apically, slightly transverse, much narrower at base than elytra; elytra flattened, slightly longer than pronotum; abdomen broad, slightly swollen medially. MALE. Median lobe of aedeagus with narrowly oval bulbus streamlined with tubus in dorsal view (Fig. 71); in lateral view tubus arcuate ventrally and with broadly triangular apex (Fig. 70); internal sac structures not pronounced (Figs 70, 71); tergite VIII truncate apically and without teeth (Fig. 72); sternite VIII elongate, broadly rounded apically (Fig. 73). FEMALE. Tergite VIII broadly rounded apically (Fig. 74); sternite VIII truncate apically and slightly emarginated medially (Fig. 75); spermatheca with short capsule bearing wide and relatively deep apical invagination, stem sinuate, bent subapically and sinuate at apex (Fig. 76).

Distribution.

Known only from Newfoundland, Canada.

This species was found in Newfoundland under detritus along seashore, under seaweed on sandy beaches, in vegetation and gravel on riverbanks, and on the edge of a marsh very close to a shoreline. Adults were collected in June.

This species is very similar externally to a Palaearctic adventive species found in NB, NS and NF. Both species may be mixed up in collections. may be distinguished from by the following combination of characters: body distinctly more glossy, colouration darker and predominantly dark brown (light brown in ), pubescence on forebody sparser and punctation more distinct, tergites and sternites VIII similar in both species, median lobe of aedeagus narrowly elongate apically in (Fig. 304b in Klimaszewski et al. 2011) and broadly triangular in (Fig. 62); spermatheca of a completely different form, with stem bent and subparallel at 2/3 of its length and with slightly twisted subapical section (Fig. 68), while spermatheca is S-shaped in (Fig. 304c in Klimaszewski et al. 2011). Apparently the two species represent sibling species. For distribution, description and illustrations of , see Klimaszewski et al. 2007, 2011.

(Erichson)

Figs 77–83

Figures 77–83.

(Erichson): 77 habitus in dorsal view 78 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 79 male tergite VIII 80 male sternite VIII 81 female tergite VIII 82 female sternite VIII 83 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

There are two adventive species of reported from Canada (Brunke et al. 2012). Males of do not have their antennomere X conspicuously PageBreakelongate (Fig. 77) as in (for illustration, see Brunke et al. 2012). may be distinguished externally from by the more transverse pronotum (Fig. 77), larger body (length 3.5–5.0 mm), and by body colouration with PageBreaklighter basal half of abdomen (entirely dark brown in ). The habitus and genital structures of are illustrated in Figs 77–83. For details of European species, see Assing (2001).

The Newfoundland females were captured using pitfall traps in agricultural fields in 2007. In Ontario, specimens were collected in agricultural hedgerows using pitfall traps in 2009 and 2010 (Brunke et al. 2012). Adults were collected in May and June.

was recorded from North America as an adventive species for the first time based on Ontario specimens collected in agricultural hedgerows (Brunke et al. 2012). The NL record may suggest a broader distribution of this adventive species in Canada, but it is unknown whether these records represent separate introduction events. For information on natural history of this species in Europe, see Assing (2001).

(Erichson)

Figs 84–92

Figures 84–92.

(Erichson): 84 habitus in dorsal view 85 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 86 male tergite VIII 87 male sternite VIII 88 female tergite VIII 89 female sternite VIII 90–92 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

This species may be distinguishable from other species by its bicoloured body, dark brown head and posterior part of pronotum contrasting with reddish-brown or yellowish-brown pronotum, elytra, base of abdomen and appendages (Fig. 84), the strong microsculpture of the forebody, and the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus (Fig. 85). The shape of the spermatheca (Figs 90–92) is similar to that of (Gravenhorst). For a more detailed description, see Klimaszewski et al. (2015c).

In Newfoundland, one female was captured in a pitfall trap in a boreal conifer forest. Most adults from Quebec were collected in yellow birch- and balsam fir-dominated forest using pitfall traps (Klimaszewski et al. 2007). In New Brunswick, PageBreakadults were found: under decaying seaweed on a coastal beach; under driftwood on a riverbank; in grass, moss and leaf litter near water and in alder and cedar swamps and marshes; in moss and leaf litter in a young regenerating mixedwood forest; and in other decaying material in forests. In Ontario, adults were captured in litter around raspberry near a bog, in a marsh, and in a nest of (Klimaszewski et al. 2015c). Adults were active from March to October in Canada. In Minnesota, adults were captured on a lakeshore and in a nest, and in Indiana were taken by sifting dump vegetable debris from March to November (Blatchley 1910).

This species is probably more widely distributed in Newfoundland than the single record suggests.

Klimaszewski & Webster

Figs 93–100

Figures 93–100.

Klimaszewski & Webster: 93, 94 habitus in dorsal view (male, female) 95 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 96 male tergite VIII 97 male sternite VIII 98 female tergite VIII 99 female sternite VIII 100 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

This species may be distinguishable from other species by its large and dark brown to black pronotum, elytra about as long as pronotum (Figs 93, 94), shape of apical structures of the internal sac of the aedeagus (Fig. 95), and shape of the spermatheca (Fig. 100). For a more detailed description, see Klimaszewski et al. 2015c.

In Newfoundland, adults were collected in pitfall traps in boreal mixedwood and conifer forests and from under seashore detritus. In New Brunswick, adults were found in sphagnum moss and litter in calcareous eastern white cedar fens, in a black spruce forest, and one individual was collected from moldy conifer duff at the base of a large pine in a mixed forest (Klimaszewski et al. 2015). Adults were found in April and May in New Brunswick, and June to August elsewhere.

This species is probably more widely distributed in the boreal forest of Canada. Some specimens from Cheeseman Provincial Park are tentatively associated with this species because the antecostal suture of female sternite VIII was not straight PageBreaklike in typical forms but was strongly sinuate medially. These specimens were excluded from (Gravenhorst) because of the short elytra, about as long as the pronotum, while the elytra are longer than the pronotum in .

(Casey)

Figs 101–108

Figures 101–108.

(Casey): 101 habitus in dorsal view 102 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 103 median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view 104 male tergite VIII 105 male sternite VIII 106 female tergite VIII 107 female sternite VIII 108 spermatheca. Figures 102–108 after Gusarov (2003b). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Casey, 1910: 8. As

This species may be distinguishable from two other Nearctic species by the following combination of characters (Gusarov 2003b): differs from (Gravenhorst) in a smaller body size (length 2.1–2.5 mm), the lack of sub-basal impressions of the terminal antennal article (Fig. 101), the lack of the distal spines of the internal sac (Figs 102, 103); the shape of the spermatheca (Fig. 108); and the lack of a female accessory sclerite. differs from (Bernhauer) in having a smaller body size, the bent apex of the median lobe in lateral view (Fig. 102), and a shorter spermatheca (Fig. 108).

In Newfoundland, one female was captured in a pitfall trap in mixed forest. In Ontario, appears to be a common species in both forested and open habitats, some specimens were captured on (Brunke et al. 2012). Adults were collected from May to August.

This species probably reaches its northernmost distribution limit in Newfoundland.

(Kraatz)

Figs 109–115

Figures 109–115.

(Kraatz): 109 habitus in dorsal view 110 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 111 male tergite VIII 112 male sternite VIII 113 female tergite VIII 114 female sternite VIII 115 female terminal segments (pygidium). Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

This species may be distinguishable from two other similar Nearctic species of by the following combination of characters: body length 3.4 mm; body narrow with subparallel sides; antennae, head, pronotum, and abdomen dark brown, legs and elytra yellowish-brown (Fig. 109); integument not glossy; forebody with minute and dense punctation and dense pubescence (Fig. 109); head rounded postero-laterally, with large eyes; antenna with articles V-X slightly elongate to subquadrate (Fig. 109); pronotum rounded anteriorly and angular postero-laterally, transverse, slightly wider than head and slightly narrower than elytra, pubescence directed laterad on arcuate lines from midline of disc (Fig. 109); elytra slightly transverse, with pubescence directed postero-laterad and forming waves; abdomen subparallel, narrower PageBreakthan elytra. Median lobe of aedeagus and terminal abdominal structures as illustrated (Figs 110–115). For more details, see Webster et al. 2016.

In Newfoundland, specimens were found in gravel and moss on a riverbank, under seaweed on a sandy beach, and by sweeping vegetation in riparian habitat. In New Brunswick, were found in moss near the splash zone of a waterfall, in gravel on the margin of a shaded spring-fed brook near a waterfall, among gravel on a gravel bar along a shaded brook in a northern hardwood forest, and in gravel along a cold shaded brook. A few individuals were found under decaying seaweed on a sea beach. Adults were collected during June, July, August, and September.

Heer

Klimaszewski & Langor sp. n.

http://zoobank.org/A558C4FA-F12B-4FEE-819B-71F69A5EEEF7

Figs 116–123

Figures 116–123.

Klimaszewski & Langor, sp. n.: 116 habitus in dorsal view 117 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 118 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 119 male tergite VIII 120 male sternite VIII 121 female tergite VIII 122 female sternite VIII 123 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

(female). Canada, Newfoundland, Butterpot Provincial Park, , pitfall trap, 26.IX.2012, Andrea Pretty (LFC).

Canada, Newfoundland: Butterpot Provincial Park, , pitfall trap, 11.VIII.2012, Andrea Pretty (LFC, MUN) 2 males, 1 female; same data except: 4.VIII.2012 (MUN) 1 female, 6.IX.2012 (MUN) 1 female.

This species is named after Andrea Pretty, an enthusiastic entomophilic park interpreter who collected the type series in Butterpot Provincial Park.

Body length 2.7–3.0 mm; body moderately narrow, sides subparallel (Fig. 116); yellowish brown with head, antennae, posterior part of elytra and abdomen dark brown (Fig. 116); integument moderately glossy, sparsely punctate and pubescent, pubescence short and adhering to the body, forebody with dense meshed microsculpture, sculpticells hexagonal; head round, about as wide and as long as pronotum, with large eyes, as long as postocular area; antennae with articles I-III elongate and VI subquadrate, V-X transverse (Fig. 116); pronotum strongly transverse, slightly narrower at base than elytra; elytra longer than pronotum; abdomen broad, tapering apically. MALE. Median lobe of aedeagus with large oval bulbus and short, triangular tubus in dorsal view (Fig. 118); in lateral view, apical half of tubus produced ventrally at 75% angle (Fig. 117); two pairs of prominent internal sac structures (Figs 117–118); PageBreaktergite VIII slightly emarginate apically and with broad teeth (Fig. 119); sternite VIII elongate, produced apically (Fig. 120). FEMALE. Tergite VIII truncate apically (Fig. 121); sternite VIII slightly produced apically (Fig. 122); spermatheca with tubular and apically spherical capsule without distinct apical invagination, stem arcuate, narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 123).

Known only from Butterpot Provincial Park in southeastern Newfoundland, Canada.

Adults were collected in August and September in pitfall traps in coniferous boreal forest.

This species is very similar externally to Bernhauer but may be separated from it by: its smaller body with shorter elytra (elytra at suture about as long as pronotum along median line); light brown colour with darker antennae, head, and posterior elytra and abdomen; and differently shaped spermatheca in lateral view (Fig. 123). The male of this species is similar to that of Bernhauer but the apical half of the tubus of the aedeagus is produced ventrally at about 75% angle and in at about 90% angle. The female spermatheca is distinct in its shape and has the best diagnostic features for this species (Fig. 123), and this is also the reason why the female was designated for a holotype. For illustrations of , see Klimaszewski et al. (2003). The three European species, (Er.), (Er.), and Epph., are ruled out as conspecific with as all three species have different proportions of forebody, and different body colour. For details see Lohse (1974).

Ganglbauer

Casey

Figs 124–131

Figures 124–131.

Casey: 124 habitus in dorsal view 125 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 126 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 127 male tergite VIII 128 male sternite VIII 129 female tergite VIII 130 female sternite VIII 131 spermatheca. Scale bar of habitus = 1 mm; remaining scale bars = 0.2 mm.

This species may be distinguished by its body shape (Fig. 124), small size (about 1.6–2.3 mm long), antennal articles VII–X elongate (Fig. 124), and the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus and the spermatheca (Figs 125, 126, 131). It is worthy to note that the median lobe of is similar to that of Klimaszewski and Bernhauer, but the shape of the spermatheca differs significantly and has much better diagnostic features for identification of this species.

The Newfoundland specimens were taken on the gravel banks of a stream and a river. In New Brunswick, adults occurred along river (clear water) margins among cobblestones set in sand and fine gravel at the water’s edge, or among PageBreakgravel at the edge of the water (Webster et al. 2009). Adults were located by turning over cobblestones and larger pebbles (Webster et al. 2009). In New Brunswick, adults were collected during May, June, July and August, by turning over cobblestones and pebbles (Webster et al. 2009).

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, NS, QC, ON; USA: MI, WI
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Bog near Burgeo jct., 48.5612°N, 58.2638°W, 26-VI-2011, in moose dung, D. Langor & G. Pohl (MUN) 1 male; Blow Me Down, 49.050°N, 58.251°W, 26-VI-2010, in bear dung, D. Langor (MUN) 3 males; Cape Anguille, 47.899°N, 59.411°W, 22-VI-2010, sheep/horse dung, D. Langor (MUN) 1 male.
References	Klimaszewski 1984, Klimaszewski and Cervenka 1986, Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007, Webster et al. 2009, Brunke et al. 2012, Bousquet et al. 2013

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT, NT, BC; USA: CA, CO, MO, NH, NM, NV, OR, WA, WI
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Terra Nova National Park, Sandy Pond, 54.02°W, 48.49°N, beach rocks and detritus, 14.VIII.2014, D. & M. Langor (MUN) 5 males.
References	Klimaszewski 1984, Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007, Majka and Klimaszewski 2010, Brunke et al. 2012, Bousquet et al. 2013

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, NS, QC, ON, MB, SK, AB, YT, NT, BC; USA: AZ, CO, FL, IL, IN, KS, LA, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NH, NJ, NM, NY, PA, RI, SD, UT
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Badger, N:o 256, 22-25.VI.51, Lindroth (MZH) 1 specimen; Badger, N:o 257, 22-23.VI.51, Lindroth (MZH) 1 specimen; Terra Nova, N:o 327, 26-28.VII.51, Lindroth (MZH) 2 specimens; Millertown, N:o 239, 14.VI.51, Lindroth (MZH) 1 specimen.
References	Klimaszewski 1984, Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007, Bousquet et al. 2013

Origin	Palaearctic, adventive in Canada
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, NS, QC
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Barachois Pd. Prov. Pk., 48.483°N, 58.269°W, 11-VII-2011, mixed forest, Heather Beck (MUN) 1 male; Cheeseman Provincial Park, mixedwood boreal forest, 47.633°N, 59.256°W, pitfall trap, 23.VII.2012, Lorna Lafosse (MUN) 3 males, 2 females; same data except: 5.VIII.2012 (MUN) 2 females, 1 sex undetermined.
References	Assing 1999, Majka and Klimaszewski 2008, Webster et al. 2009, Brunke et al. 2012

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NF, ON; USA: NY
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Glide Lake, 8-IX-1993, pitfall 3.8 (MUN) 1 female.
References	Casey 1906, Moore and Legner 1975, Seevers 1978, Ashe 2000, Brunke et al. 2012

Origin	Palaearctic, adventive in Canada
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, ON
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: St. John’s, 47.52°N, 52.785°W, Int. Crop 2007/Plot 2, # 191, 7-VII-2007, Peggy Dixon (MUN) 1 male.
References	Erichson 1839, Assing and Wunderle 2008, Brunke et al. 2012, Webster et al. 2016

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, NS
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Cheeseman Provincial Park, 47.633°N, 59.256°W, pitfall trap, 13.VII.2012, Lorna Lafosse (MUN) 1 female.
References	Webster et al. 2016

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB; for the rest of Canada and the USA, specimens previously identified as this species need to be re-examined.
Revised records	Revised provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Gallants Rd. 2.2 km from TCH, ARNEWS plot, 48.677°N, 58.195°W, 16-VIII-1995, pitfall trap, W. Bowers (MUN) 2 females; same data as before, except: 31-VII-1995 (MUN) 2 females, 25-VII-1995 (MUN) 3 males; Glide Lake, 15-VIII-1996, trap 1-F-3 (MUN) 1 sex unknown; same data as before, except: trap 3-F-1 (MUN) female; Butterpot Provincial Park, 47.381°N, 53.044°W, pitfall trap, 26.IX.2012, Andrea Pretty (MUN) 1 male.
References	Bernhauer 1909, Gusarov 2003a, Klimaszewski et al. 2011, Webster et al. 2016

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, for the rest of Canada previously identified specimens must be re-examined.
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Gallants, 25-VII-1994, ARNEWS 9-102, W. Bowers (MUN) 1 male; same data as before except: ARNEWS 7-102, 23-VIII-1994 (MUN) 1 male, ARNEWS 9-102, 23-VIII-1994 (MUN) 1 male, ARNEWS 9-102, 26-VII-1994 (MUN) 1 female; Gallants Rd. 2.2 km from TCH, ARNEWS plot, 48.677°N, 58.195°W, 10-VII-1995, pitfall trap, W. Bowers (MUN) 1 male; same data as before except: 25-VII-1995 (MUN) 1 male, 2 female, 23-VIII-1995 (MUN) 3 males, 1 sex unknown, 16-VIII-1995 (MUN) 2 females, 18-VII-1995 (MUN) 1 male; North Harbor, Grand Lake ARNEWS plot, 48.987°N, 57.628°W, 24-VII-1995, pitfall trap, W. Bowers (MUN) 1 female; same data as before, except: 16-VIII-1995 (MUN) 1 female, 23-VIII-1995 (MUN) 1 female, 28-VIII-1995 (MUN) 1 male, 48.988°N, 57.629°W, 10-VII-1995 (MUN) 1 female; Big Bonne Bay Pond ARNEWS Plot, 49.338°N, 57.537°W, 23-VIII-1995, pitfall trap, W. Bowers (MUN) 1 sex unknown.
References	Webster et al. 2016

Origin	Palaearctic, adventive in Canada
Distribution	Canada: NL, ON.
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: St. John’s, 47.52°N, 52.785°W, Int. Crop 2007/Plot 1, #187, 2007, Peggy Dixon (MUN), 1 female; Int. Crop 2007/Plot 5, #182, 2007, (MUN), 1 female.
References	Erichson 1839, Assing 2001, Brunke et al. 2012

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, QC, ON. USA: MA, MN, NY
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: LaManche Prov. Pk., 47.165°N, 52.899°W, 1-VIII-2011, conifer forest, pitfall trap, Doug Harrison (MUN) 1 female.
References	Erichson 1839, Bland 1865, Blatchley 1910, Casey 1910, Moore and Legner 1975, Klimaszewski et al. 2015c

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, QC, ON
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Gallants Rd. 2.2 km from TCH, ARNEWS plot, 48.677°N, 58.195°W, 28-VIII-1995, pitfall trap, W. Bowers (MUN) 1 female; same data as before, except: 18-VII-1995 (MUN) 1 female, 23-VIII-1995 (MUN) 1 female, 16-VIII-1995 (MUN) 2 females; North Harbor, Grand Lake ARNEWS plot, 48.987°N, 57.628°W, 28-VIII-1995, pitfall trap, W. Bowers (MUN) 1 female; same data as before, except: 18-VII-1995, 1 male; Lockston Path Prov. Pk., 48.430°N, 53.361°W, 18-VII-2011, pitfall trap, P. Perry (MUN) 1 female; Glide Lk, 23-VI-1994, bF cut, trap 4-C-10, Bowers et al. (MUN) 1 male; York Harbour, 49.0555°N, 53.3687°W, 28-VI-2010, under seashore detritus, D. Langor (MUN) 1 female; Cheeseman Provincial Park, 47.633°N, 59.256°W, pitfall trap, 25.VIII.2012, Lorna Lafosse (MUN) 9 females; same data except: 10.IX.2012 (MUN) 9 females; Salmon River near Main River, 51.174°N, 56.0181°W, tidal flats, under rocks/debris, 3.VII.2012, D. Langor & G. Pohl (MUN) 1 female; x.s. TCH & Terra Nova River, detritus on sand, 48.638°N, 54.039°W, 18.VIII.2014, D. & M. Langor (MUN) 1 female.
Reference	Klimaszewski et al. 2015c

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, ON; USA: DE, FL, GA, IN, MO, NY, OH, PA
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: Barachois Pd. Prov. Pk., 48.483°N, 58.269°W, 11-VII-2011, mixed forest, pitfall trap, Heather Beck, (MUN) 1 female.
References	Casey 1910, Gusarov 2003b, Brunke et al. 2012

Origin	Palaearctic and adventive in Canada
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB
New records	New provincial record; NEWFOUNDLAND: St. John’s, Bowering Park, 47.525°N, 52.749°W, 30-VI-2010, in gravel/moss on riverbank, D. Langor & G.R. Pohl (LFC, MUN), 12 males, 4 females; same data as before, except: 1-VII-2010, in moss along riverbank, D. Langor (MUN) 1 male, 1 female; Searston, 47.828°N, 59.329°W, 23-VI-2010, under seaweed on sandy beach, D. Langor (MUN) 1 male; Newfoundland Drive, 47.6010°N, 52.7117°W, 20-VI-2009, 83 m, sweeping, D. Langor, (MUN) 1 female.
Reference	Webster et al. 2016

Origin	Nearctic
Distribution	Canada: NL, NB, QC. USA: MA, MD, VA
New records	New provincial record; Canada, NEWFOUNDLAND: Port au Port, Pen., Mainland, 48.5589°N, 59.1874°W, 9 m, 28-VII-2011, margin of stream, D. Langor & G. Pohl (MUN) 1 male; Blow Me Down, 49.049°N, 58.253°W, 400 m, banks of river, 26-VI-2010, D. Langor (MUN) 1 male.
References	Casey 1911, Klimaszewski 1982, Webster et al. 2009