Thom P Santisakultarm1, Calvin J Kersbergen1, Daryl K Bandy2, David C Ide3, Sang-Ho Choi1, Afonso C Silva4. 1. Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. 2. Section on Instrumentation, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. 3. Section on Instrumentation, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. 4. Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA. Electronic address: silvaa@ninds.nih.gov.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Marmosets are a powerful, emerging model for human behavior and neurological disorders. However, longitudinal imaging modalities that visualize both cellular structure and function within the cortex are not available in this animal model. Hence, we implemented an approach to quantify vascular topology, hemodynamics, and neural activity in awake marmosets using two-photon microscopy (2PM). NEW METHOD: Marmosets were acclimated to a custom stereotaxic system. AAV1-GCaMP5G was injected into somatosensory cortex to optically indicate neural activity, and a cranial chamber was implanted. RESULTS: Longitudinal 2PM revealed vasculature and neurons 500μm below the cortical surface. Vascular response and neural activity during sensory stimulation were preserved over 5 and 3 months, respectively, before optical quality deteriorated. Vascular remodeling including increased tortuosity and branching was quantified. However, capillary connectivity from arterioles to venules remained unchanged. Further, behavioral assessment before and after surgery demonstrated no impact on cognitive and motor function. Immunohistochemistry confirmed minimal astrocyte activation with no focal damage. Over 6 months, total cortical depth visualized decreased. When under anesthesia, the most prominent isoflurane-induced vasodilation occurred in capillaries and smaller arterioles. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): These results demonstrate the capability to repeatedly observe cortical physiology in awake marmosets over months. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides a novel and insightful technique to investigate critical mechanisms in neurological disorders in awake marmosets without introducing confounds from anesthesia. Published by Elsevier B.V.
BACKGROUND:Marmosets are a powerful, emerging model for human behavior and neurological disorders. However, longitudinal imaging modalities that visualize both cellular structure and function within the cortex are not available in this animal model. Hence, we implemented an approach to quantify vascular topology, hemodynamics, and neural activity in awake marmosets using two-photon microscopy (2PM). NEW METHOD:Marmosets were acclimated to a custom stereotaxic system. AAV1-GCaMP5G was injected into somatosensory cortex to optically indicate neural activity, and a cranial chamber was implanted. RESULTS: Longitudinal 2PM revealed vasculature and neurons 500μm below the cortical surface. Vascular response and neural activity during sensory stimulation were preserved over 5 and 3 months, respectively, before optical quality deteriorated. Vascular remodeling including increased tortuosity and branching was quantified. However, capillary connectivity from arterioles to venules remained unchanged. Further, behavioral assessment before and after surgery demonstrated no impact on cognitive and motor function. Immunohistochemistry confirmed minimal astrocyte activation with no focal damage. Over 6 months, total cortical depth visualized decreased. When under anesthesia, the most prominent isoflurane-induced vasodilation occurred in capillaries and smaller arterioles. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): These results demonstrate the capability to repeatedly observe cortical physiology in awake marmosets over months. CONCLUSIONS: This work provides a novel and insightful technique to investigate critical mechanisms in neurological disorders in awake marmosets without introducing confounds from anesthesia. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Authors: Thom P Santisakultarm; Nathan R Cornelius; Nozomi Nishimura; Andrew I Schafer; Richard T Silver; Peter C Doerschuk; William L Olbricht; Chris B Schaffer Journal: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Date: 2012-01-20 Impact factor: 4.733
Authors: Sameer A Sheth; Masahito Nemoto; Michael W Guiou; Melissa A Walker; Arthur W Toga Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Date: 2005-07 Impact factor: 6.200
Authors: K J Friston; A P Holmes; J B Poline; P J Grasby; S C Williams; R S Frackowiak; R Turner Journal: Neuroimage Date: 1995-03 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Brenda R Chen; Matthew B Bouchard; Addason F H McCaslin; Sean A Burgess; Elizabeth M C Hillman Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2010-09-19 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Chia-Chun Hung; Cecil C Yen; Jennifer L Ciuchta; Daniel Papoti; Nicholas A Bock; David A Leopold; Afonso C Silva Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2015-01-21 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Clément Ricard; Erica D Arroyo; Cynthia X He; Carlos Portera-Cailliau; Gabriel Lepousez; Marco Canepari; Daniel Fiole Journal: Brain Struct Funct Date: 2018-05-11 Impact factor: 3.270