Formation, stability and core histone positioning of nucleosomes reassembled on bent and other nucleosome-derived DNA.

DNA originating from chicken erythrocyte mononucleosomes was cloned and sequenced. The properties of nucleosome reconstruction were compared for two cloned inserts, selected on account of their interesting sequence organization, length and difference in DNA bending. Cloned fragment 223 (182 base-pairs) carries alternatively (A)3-4 and (T)4-5 runs approximately every ten base-pairs and is bent; cloned fragment 213 (182 base-pairs) contains a repeated C4-5ATAAGG consensus sequence and is apparently not bent. Our experiments indicate the preference of the bent DNA fragment 223 over fragment 213 to associate in vitro with an octamer of histones under stringent conditions. We provide evidence that the in vitro nucleosome formation is hampered in the case of fragment 213, whereas the reconstituted nucleosomes were equally stable once formed. For the correct determination of the positioning of the histone octamer with regard to the two nucleosome-derived cloned DNA sequences, the complementary use of micrococcal nuclease, exonuclease III and DNase I is a prerequisite. No unique, but rotationally related, positions of the histone octamer were found on these nucleosome-derived DNA fragments. The sequence-dependent anisotropic flexibility, as well as intrinsic bending of the DNA, resulting in a rotational setting of the DNA fragments on the histone core, seems to be a strong determinant for the allowed octamer positions, Exonuclease III digestion indicates a different histone-DNA association when oligo(d(C.G)n) stretches are involved. The apparent stagger near oligo(d(A.T)n) stretches generated by DNase I digestion on reconstituted nucleosome 223 was found to be inverted from the normal two-base 3' overhang to a two-base 5' overhang. Two possibilities of the oligo(d(A.T)n) minor groove location relative to the histone core are envisaged to explain this anomaly in stagger.