Claudia Pontillo1,2, Lotte Jacobs3, Jan A Staessen3,4, Joost P Schanstra5,6, Peter Rossing7,8,9, Hiddo J L Heerspink10, Justyna Siwy1, William Mullen11, Antonia Vlahou12, Harald Mischak1,11, Ray Vanholder13, Petra Zürbig1, Joachim Jankowski2,14,15. 1. Mosaiques Diagnostics, Hanover, Germany. 2. Charité-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. 3. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 4. R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 5. Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Inserm U1048, Toulouse, France. 6. Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France. 7. Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark. 8. University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. 9. Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 10. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 11. University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. 12. Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. 13. Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. 14. Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany. 15. Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is currently assessed by a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or an increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE). However, these markers are considered either to be late-stage markers or to have low sensitivity or specificity. In this study, we investigated the performance of the urinary proteome-based classifier CKD273, compared with UAE, in a number of different narrow ranges of CKD severity, with each range separated by an eGFR of 10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . METHODS: A total of 2672 patients with different CKD stages were included in the study. Of these, 394 individuals displayed a decline in eGFR of >5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /year (progressors) and the remaining individuals were considered non-progressors. For all samples, UAE values and CKD273 classification scores were obtained. To assess UAE values and CKD273 scores at different disease stages, the cohort was divided according to baseline eGFRs of ≥80, 70-79, 60-69, 50-59, 40-49, 30-39 and <29 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . In addition, areas under the curve for CKD273 and UAE were calculated. RESULTS: In early stage CKD, the urinary proteome-based classifier performed significantly better than UAE in detecting progressors. In contrast, UAE performed better in patients with late-stage CKD. No significant difference in performance was found between CKD273 and UAE in patients with moderately reduced renal function. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that urinary peptides, as combined in the CKD273 classifier, allow the detection of progressive CKD at early stages, a point where therapeutic intervention is more likely to be effective. However, late-stage disease, where irreversible damage of the kidney is already present, is better detected by UAE.
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is currently assessed by a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or an increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE). However, these markers are considered either to be late-stage markers or to have low sensitivity or specificity. In this study, we investigated the performance of the urinary proteome-based classifier CKD273, compared with UAE, in a number of different narrow ranges of CKD severity, with each range separated by an eGFR of 10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . METHODS: A total of 2672 patients with different CKD stages were included in the study. Of these, 394 individuals displayed a decline in eGFR of >5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /year (progressors) and the remaining individuals were considered non-progressors. For all samples, UAE values and CKD273 classification scores were obtained. To assess UAE values and CKD273 scores at different disease stages, the cohort was divided according to baseline eGFRs of ≥80, 70-79, 60-69, 50-59, 40-49, 30-39 and <29 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . In addition, areas under the curve for CKD273 and UAE were calculated. RESULTS: In early stage CKD, the urinary proteome-based classifier performed significantly better than UAE in detecting progressors. In contrast, UAE performed better in patients with late-stage CKD. No significant difference in performance was found between CKD273 and UAE in patients with moderately reduced renal function. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that urinary peptides, as combined in the CKD273 classifier, allow the detection of progressive CKD at early stages, a point where therapeutic intervention is more likely to be effective. However, late-stage disease, where irreversible damage of the kidney is already present, is better detected by UAE.
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