Ana Kelley L Medeiros1, Ricardo Q Coutinho2, Isly M L Barros2, Laura O B F Costa2, Ana Paula D L Leite2, Marcio S Bittencourt3,4, Thais C Lustosa1, Martinha M B Carvalho1, Maria Priscila Figueiredo Lira1, Moacir N L Ferreira2, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho5, Luciano F Drager6, Rodrigo P Pedrosa7,8,9. 1. Sleep and Heart Laboratory, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE) da Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua dos Palmares, Recife, Pernambuclo, Brazil. 2. Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE) da Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuclo, Brazil. 3. University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 4. Preventive Medicine Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. 5. Sleep Laboratory, Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 6. Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 7. Sleep and Heart Laboratory, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE) da Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua dos Palmares, Recife, Pernambuclo, Brazil. rppedrosa@terra.com.br. 8. Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. rppedrosa@terra.com.br. 9. Hospital Metropolitano Sul Dom Helder Câmara-IMIP Hospitalar, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Brazil. rppedrosa@terra.com.br.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with coronary disease among men. However, this association is not clear for women. In this study, we evaluate the association between OSA and presence of subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by tomographic coronary calcium score in middle-aged women. METHODS: We evaluated consecutive women aged between 45 and 65 years in perimenopause or postmenopause period (with menstrual irregularity-amenorrhea > 60 days), without manifest cardiovascular disease (heart failure, coronary disease, and stroke), from two gynecologic clinics. All patients underwent clinical evaluation, computed tomographic examination for coronary artery calcium (CAC > 100 Agatston units), and portable sleep study. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between OSA and CAC, controlling for traditional risk factors including Framingham Risk Score (FRS), body mass index (BMI), and diabetes. RESULTS: We studied 214 women (age 56 years (52-61); BMI 28 kg/m2 (25-31), 25 % diabetes, 62 % hypertension). OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5 events/h) was diagnosed in 82 women (38.3 %). CAC was more prevalent in patients with moderate/severe OSA (AHI ≥15 events/h) than in patients without or with mild OSA, 19 % vs 4.5 and 1.6 %, respectively (p < 0.01). Moderate to severe OSA was associated with CAC in unadjusted (odds ratio = 6.25, 95 % CI 1.66-23.52; p < 0.01) and adjusted (odds ratio = 8.19, 95 % CI 1.66-40.32; p = 0.01) logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Moderate to severe OSA is independently associated with the presence of CAC in middle-aged women. These results reinforce the concept that women are also susceptible to the cardiovascular consequences of OSA.
PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with coronary disease among men. However, this association is not clear for women. In this study, we evaluate the association between OSA and presence of subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by tomographic coronary calcium score in middle-aged women. METHODS: We evaluated consecutive women aged between 45 and 65 years in perimenopause or postmenopause period (with menstrual irregularity-amenorrhea > 60 days), without manifest cardiovascular disease (heart failure, coronary disease, and stroke), from two gynecologic clinics. All patients underwent clinical evaluation, computed tomographic examination for coronary artery calcium (CAC > 100 Agatston units), and portable sleep study. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between OSA and CAC, controlling for traditional risk factors including Framingham Risk Score (FRS), body mass index (BMI), and diabetes. RESULTS: We studied 214 women (age 56 years (52-61); BMI 28 kg/m2 (25-31), 25 % diabetes, 62 % hypertension). OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5 events/h) was diagnosed in 82 women (38.3 %). CAC was more prevalent in patients with moderate/severe OSA (AHI ≥15 events/h) than in patients without or with mild OSA, 19 % vs 4.5 and 1.6 %, respectively (p < 0.01). Moderate to severe OSA was associated with CAC in unadjusted (odds ratio = 6.25, 95 % CI 1.66-23.52; p < 0.01) and adjusted (odds ratio = 8.19, 95 % CI 1.66-40.32; p = 0.01) logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Moderate to severe OSA is independently associated with the presence of CAC in middle-aged women. These results reinforce the concept that women are also susceptible to the cardiovascular consequences of OSA.
Entities:
Keywords:
Atherosclerosis; Coronary heart disease; Obstructive sleep apnea; Women
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