Shuhei Izawa1, Akizumi Tsutsumi2, Namiko Ogawa3. 1. Health Administration and Psychosocial Factor Research Group (S.I.), National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8585, Japan. izawa0810@gmail.com. 2. Department of Public Health (A.T.), Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. 3. Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences (N.O.), Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Accumulating evidence shows that effort-reward imbalance (ERI) at work can cause various health problems. However, few studies have investigated the biological pathways linking ERI and health outcomes, and their findings have been inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the associations between ERI, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and inflammation in a sample of police officers. METHODS: One hundred forty-two male police officers that were engaged in a working system of 24-h shifts were followed up during the work shift as well as during the two subsequent work-free days. Throughout this period, the participants provided two saliva samples each day for the 3-day period, and we measured the concentrations of cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the saliva. The police officers also completed the Japanese short version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire. RESULTS: The results of linear mixed model analyses controlled for possible confounding variables indicated that higher effort scores (p = 0.031) as well as effort-reward ratio (p = 0.080) were associated with lower cortisol levels, and the effect of effort was strengthened in the younger police officers (p = 0.017). Furthermore, higher effort scores were associated with higher CRP levels in younger police officers (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that effort, a component of ERI, has physiological effects in younger police officers, which possibly contribute to the development of stress-related diseases.
PURPOSE: Accumulating evidence shows that effort-reward imbalance (ERI) at work can cause various health problems. However, few studies have investigated the biological pathways linking ERI and health outcomes, and their findings have been inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the associations between ERI, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, and inflammation in a sample of police officers. METHODS: One hundred forty-two male police officers that were engaged in a working system of 24-h shifts were followed up during the work shift as well as during the two subsequent work-free days. Throughout this period, the participants provided two saliva samples each day for the 3-day period, and we measured the concentrations of cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the saliva. The police officers also completed the Japanese short version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire. RESULTS: The results of linear mixed model analyses controlled for possible confounding variables indicated that higher effort scores (p = 0.031) as well as effort-reward ratio (p = 0.080) were associated with lower cortisol levels, and the effect of effort was strengthened in the younger police officers (p = 0.017). Furthermore, higher effort scores were associated with higher CRP levels in younger police officers (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that effort, a component of ERI, has physiological effects in younger police officers, which possibly contribute to the development of stress-related diseases.
Authors: Giovanni Maina; Massimo Bovenzi; Antonio Palmas; Francesca Larese Filon Journal: Int Arch Occup Environ Health Date: 2009-06-25 Impact factor: 3.015
Authors: Anna-Karin Lennartsson; Anna Sjörs; Peter Währborg; Thomas Ljung; Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2015-02-02 Impact factor: 4.157
Authors: Sabine R Kunz-Ebrecht; Clemens Kirschbaum; Michael Marmot; Andrew Steptoe Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2004-05 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: John M Violanti; Desta Fekedulegn; Ja Kook Gu; Penelope Allison; Anna Mnatsakanova; Cathy Tinney-Zara; Michael E Andrew Journal: Int Arch Occup Environ Health Date: 2018-03-07 Impact factor: 3.015
Authors: John M Violanti; Desta Fekedulegn; Michael E Andrew; Luenda E Charles; Ja K Gu; Diane B Miller Journal: J Occup Environ Med Date: 2018-09 Impact factor: 2.162
Authors: Lourdes Luceño-Moreno; Beatriz Talavera-Velasco; Marian Jaén-Díaz; Jesús Martín-García Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-02-03 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Franz Tatzber; Sieglinde Zelzer; Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch; Stefan Rinnerhofer; Michael Kundi; Gerhard Cvirn; Georg Wultsch; Markus Herrmann; Harald Mangge; Tobias Niedrist; Willibald Wonisch Journal: Antioxidants (Basel) Date: 2022-03-25
Authors: Markus Strauss; Peter Foshag; Anna Brzęk; Richard Vollenberg; Ulrich Jehn; Henning Littwitz; Roman Leischik Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2021-05-09 Impact factor: 4.241
Authors: Ilona Cieślak; Aleksandra Kielan; Dominik Olejniczak; Mariusz Panczyk; Mariusz Jaworski; Robert Gałązkowski; Jakub R Pękala; Lucyna Iwanow; Aleksander Zarzeka; Joanna Gotlib; Marcin Mikos Journal: Work Date: 2020