Oliver Robinson1,2,3, David Martínez1,2,3, Juan J Aurrekoetxea4,5,6, Marisa Estarlich3,7, Ana Fernández Somoano3,8, Carmen Íñiguez3,7, Loreto Santa-Marina4,5,6, Adonina Tardón3,8, Maties Torrent9, Jordi Sunyer1,2,3, Damaskini Valvi1,2,3,10, Martine Vrijheid1,2,3. 1. ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain. 2. Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain. 3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. 4. Public Health Department, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain. 5. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain. 6. Health Research Institute (BIODONOSTIA), San Sebastian, Spain. 7. Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Spain. 8. Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain. 9. Ib-salut, Area de Salut de Menorca, Balearic Islands, Spain. 10. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of passive and active tobacco smoke exposure, both pre- and postnatally, on child body mass index (BMI) and overweight. METHODS: Pregnant women were enrolled into the Spanish INMA prospective birth cohort during 1997 to 2008. Tobacco smoke exposure was assessed by questionnaire and corroborated by pre- and postnatal cotinine measurements. Children were followed up until 4 years in newer subcohorts (N = 1866) and until 14 years in one older subcohort (N = 427). Child age- and sex-specific BMI Z-scores were calculated, and generalized estimating equations were used to model their relationship with repeated measures of tobacco smoke exposure. RESULTS: Associations between prenatal passive exposure to tobacco smoke (adjusted β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05-0.25) and active maternal smoking (adjusted β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.08-0.33) and child zBMI up to 4 years were observed. Stronger associations were observed in the older subcohort between both prenatal and child passive smoke exposure and zBMI up to 14 years. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for an effect of both passive and maternal active smoking on child postnatal growth has been provided. Although residual confounding cannot be completely ruled out, associations were robust to adjustment for a range of lifestyle factors.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of passive and active tobacco smoke exposure, both pre- and postnatally, on child body mass index (BMI) and overweight. METHODS: Pregnant women were enrolled into the Spanish INMA prospective birth cohort during 1997 to 2008. Tobacco smoke exposure was assessed by questionnaire and corroborated by pre- and postnatal cotinine measurements. Children were followed up until 4 years in newer subcohorts (N = 1866) and until 14 years in one older subcohort (N = 427). Child age- and sex-specific BMI Z-scores were calculated, and generalized estimating equations were used to model their relationship with repeated measures of tobacco smoke exposure. RESULTS: Associations between prenatal passive exposure to tobacco smoke (adjusted β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05-0.25) and active maternal smoking (adjusted β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.08-0.33) and childzBMI up to 4 years were observed. Stronger associations were observed in the older subcohort between both prenatal and child passive smoke exposure and zBMI up to 14 years. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for an effect of both passive and maternal active smoking on child postnatal growth has been provided. Although residual confounding cannot be completely ruled out, associations were robust to adjustment for a range of lifestyle factors.
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