HIV - 1 SUBTYPES, ITS IMPLICATIONS AND VIRAL DYNAMICS.

Subtyping of HIV has important implications for developing candidate vaccine and understanding the biological behaviour and dynamics of HIV transmission in various populations. The third variable region (V3) in the envelope gene of HIV-1 has been shown to be a major determinant influencing a number of biological characteristics of the virus. HIV-1 evolves by rapid mutation and by recombination, both processes actively contributing to its genetic diversity. Most of the multiple genetic subtypes and intersubtype recombination of HIV-1 that comprise the global pandemic have not been characterized by full genome sequencing. The development of an effective human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) vaccine is likely to depend on knowledge of circulating variants of genes other than the commonly sequenced gag and env genes.