Reiko Arita1, Izumi Minoura2, Naoyuki Morishige3, Rika Shirakawa4, Shima Fukuoka5, Kei Asai2, Tateki Goto2, Takahiro Imanaka2, Masatsugu Nakamura2. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan. Electronic address: ritoh@za2.so-net.ne.jp. 2. Research and Development Division, Santen Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 5. Tokyo Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To develop and validate grading scales for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) that allow consistent diagnosis of MGD and are suitable for clinical studies. DESIGN: Development and validation study of grading scales. METHODS: Lid margin and meibomian gland photographs were taken in the multicenter, prospective cross-sectional study for MGD and control subjects. New grading scales for MGD signs (abnormal lid margin findings of vascularity, plugging of gland orifices, lid margin irregularity, lid margin thickening, partial glands, and gland dropout) in both upper and lower eyelids were developed. Three MGD experts, 3 general ophthalmologists, and 3 non-physicians independently tested the scales by evaluating photographs. The levels of interrater and intrarater agreement for each grading scale were estimated with the use of kappa statistics. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients with MGD and 20 control subjects were enrolled and photographed. New grading scales were developed using a total of 226 photographs. The interrater kappa values for MGD experts and for general ophthalmologists and non-physicians with reference to an MGD expert ranged from 0.36 to 0.87 (median of 0.66), 0.41 to 0.73 (0.60), and 0.30 to 0.77 (0.59), respectively. Those for intrarater reliability for 2 MGD experts ranged from 0.49 to 0.93 (0.82). CONCLUSIONS: New grading scales for MGD signs were developed and found to have appropriate inter- and intrarater reliabilities for grading MGD. These grading scales are suitable for MGD diagnosis and application to multicenter trials.
PURPOSE: To develop and validate grading scales for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) that allow consistent diagnosis of MGD and are suitable for clinical studies. DESIGN: Development and validation study of grading scales. METHODS: Lid margin and meibomian gland photographs were taken in the multicenter, prospective cross-sectional study for MGD and control subjects. New grading scales for MGD signs (abnormal lid margin findings of vascularity, plugging of gland orifices, lid margin irregularity, lid margin thickening, partial glands, and gland dropout) in both upper and lower eyelids were developed. Three MGD experts, 3 general ophthalmologists, and 3 non-physicians independently tested the scales by evaluating photographs. The levels of interrater and intrarater agreement for each grading scale were estimated with the use of kappa statistics. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients with MGD and 20 control subjects were enrolled and photographed. New grading scales were developed using a total of 226 photographs. The interrater kappa values for MGD experts and for general ophthalmologists and non-physicians with reference to an MGD expert ranged from 0.36 to 0.87 (median of 0.66), 0.41 to 0.73 (0.60), and 0.30 to 0.77 (0.59), respectively. Those for intrarater reliability for 2 MGD experts ranged from 0.49 to 0.93 (0.82). CONCLUSIONS: New grading scales for MGD signs were developed and found to have appropriate inter- and intrarater reliabilities for grading MGD. These grading scales are suitable for MGD diagnosis and application to multicenter trials.
Authors: Jerry R Paugh; Alba Alfonso-Garcia; Andrew Loc Nguyen; Jeffrey L Suhalim; Marjan Farid; Sumit Garg; Jeremiah Tao; Donald J Brown; Eric O Potma; James V Jester Journal: Ocul Surf Date: 2018-10-11 Impact factor: 5.033
Authors: Yoshihiro Inamoto; Nuria Valdés-Sanz; Yoko Ogawa; Monica Alves; Luigi Berchicci; John Galvin; Hildegard Greinix; Gregory A Hale; Biljana Horn; Debra Kelly; Hien Liu; Scott Rowley; Helene Schoemans; Ami Shah; Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini; Vaibhav Agrawal; Ibrahim Ahmed; Asim Ali; Neel Bhatt; Michael Byrne; Saurabh Chhabra; Zachariah DeFilipp; Kristina Fahnehjelm; Nosha Farhadfar; Erich Horn; Catherine Lee; Sunita Nathan; Olaf Penack; Pinki Prasad; Seth Rotz; Alicia Rovó; Jean Yared; Steven Pavletic; Grzegorz W Basak; Minoo Battiwalla; Rafael Duarte; Bipin N Savani; Mary E D Flowers; Bronwen E Shaw; Igor Petriček Journal: Biol Blood Marrow Transplant Date: 2018-11-24 Impact factor: 5.742
Authors: Yoshihiro Inamoto; Nuria Valdés-Sanz; Igor Petriček; Yoko Ogawa; Monica Alves; Luigi Berchicci; John Galvin; Hildegard Greinix; Gregory A Hale; Biljana Horn; Debra Kelly; Hien Liu; Scott Rowley; Helene Schoemans; Ami Shah; Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini; Vaibhav Agrawal; Ibrahim Ahmed; Asim Ali; Neel Bhatt; Michael Byrne; Saurabh Chhabra; Zack DeFilipp; Kristina Fahnehjelm; Nosha Farhadfar; Erich Horn; Catherine Lee; Sunita Nathan; Olaf Penack; Pinki Prasad; Seth Rotz; Alicia Rovó; Jean Yared; Steven Pavletic; Grzegorz W Basak; Minoo Battiwalla; Rafael Duarte; Bipin N Savani; Mary E D Flowers; Bronwen E Shaw Journal: Bone Marrow Transplant Date: 2018-12-07 Impact factor: 5.483