Ning Cheung1,2, Shu-Pei Tan1, Shu Yen Lee1, Gemmy Chui Ming Cheung1, Gavin Tan1, Neelam Kumar3, Ching-Yu Cheng1,2, Tien Yin Wong1,2. 1. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. 2. Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 3. Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract
AIM: To examine prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in a large, contemporary, multiethnic Asian population. METHODS: Combined analysis of three population-based studies of eye diseases, with a total of 9799 Chinese, Malays and Indians residing in the general communities of Singapore. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination, interviews and laboratory blood tests were performed to assess potential risk factors. Digital retinal photographs were used to assess ERM according to a standardised protocol. ERM was classified into cellophane macular reflex (CMR) and/or preretinal macular fibrosis (PMF), and also as primary or secondary (in eyes with other retinal pathology or a history of cataract surgery). RESULTS: The age-standardised and ethnicity-standardised prevalence was 12.1% for any ERM, 6.8% for CMR, 6.7% for PMF and 2.8% for bilateral ERM. ERM prevalence was higher in Chinese (13.0%) compared with Malays (7.9%) or Indians (8.7%). In multivariate analysis, significant factors associated with primary ERM were older age (OR 1.08 per year increase; p<0.01), Chinese ethnicity (OR 1.60 vs Indians; p<0.01; OR 1.39 vs Malays; p<0.01), smoking (OR 0.70; p=0.01), longer axial length (OR 1.07 per mm increase; p=0.03) and cataract (OR 0.64; p<0.01). Significant factors independently associated with secondary ERM were older age (OR 1.05; p<0.01), cataract surgery (OR 10.6; p<0.01) and diabetic retinopathy (OR 2.48; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ERM is common in Asians, particularly among Chinese. Older age is the most consistent risk factor for any ERM, and previous cataract surgery and diabetic retinopathy are the strongest risk factors for secondary ERM. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
AIM: To examine prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in a large, contemporary, multiethnic Asian population. METHODS: Combined analysis of three population-based studies of eye diseases, with a total of 9799 Chinese, Malays and Indians residing in the general communities of Singapore. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination, interviews and laboratory blood tests were performed to assess potential risk factors. Digital retinal photographs were used to assess ERM according to a standardised protocol. ERM was classified into cellophane macular reflex (CMR) and/or preretinal macular fibrosis (PMF), and also as primary or secondary (in eyes with other retinal pathology or a history of cataract surgery). RESULTS: The age-standardised and ethnicity-standardised prevalence was 12.1% for any ERM, 6.8% for CMR, 6.7% for PMF and 2.8% for bilateral ERM. ERM prevalence was higher in Chinese (13.0%) compared with Malays (7.9%) or Indians (8.7%). In multivariate analysis, significant factors associated with primary ERM were older age (OR 1.08 per year increase; p<0.01), Chinese ethnicity (OR 1.60 vs Indians; p<0.01; OR 1.39 vs Malays; p<0.01), smoking (OR 0.70; p=0.01), longer axial length (OR 1.07 per mm increase; p=0.03) and cataract (OR 0.64; p<0.01). Significant factors independently associated with secondary ERM were older age (OR 1.05; p<0.01), cataract surgery (OR 10.6; p<0.01) and diabetic retinopathy (OR 2.48; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ERM is common in Asians, particularly among Chinese. Older age is the most consistent risk factor for any ERM, and previous cataract surgery and diabetic retinopathy are the strongest risk factors for secondary ERM. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
Authors: Jason N Crosson; Thomas A Swain; Mark E Clark; Carrie E Huisingh; Gerald McGwin; Cynthia Owsley; Christine A Curcio Journal: Ophthalmol Retina Date: 2019-03-30
Authors: Joshua S Hardin; Donald W Gauldin; Mohamed K Soliman; Colin J Chu; Yit C Yang; Ahmed B Sallam Journal: JAMA Ophthalmol Date: 2018-02-01 Impact factor: 7.389
Authors: Ning Cheung; Kelvin Teo; Wanting Zhao; Jie Jin Wang; Kumari Neelam; Nicholas Y Q Tan; Paul Mitchell; Ching-Yu Cheng; Tien Yin Wong Journal: JAMA Ophthalmol Date: 2017-10-01 Impact factor: 7.389