Robert M Ross1,2, Gordon Pennycook3, Ryan McKay1,2, Will M Gervais4, Robyn Langdon2, Max Coltheart2. 1. a Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway , University of London , Egham , UK. 2. b ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW , Australia. 3. c Department of Psychology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada. 4. d Department of Psychology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , OH , USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: It has been proposed that deluded and delusion-prone individuals gather less evidence before forming beliefs than those who are not deluded or delusion-prone. The primary source of evidence for this "jumping to conclusions" (JTC) bias is provided by research that utilises the "beads task" data-gathering paradigm. However, the cognitive mechanisms subserving data gathering in this task are poorly understood. METHODS: In the largest published beads task study to date (n = 558), we examined data gathering in the context of influential dual-process theories of reasoning. RESULTS: Analytic cognitive style (the willingness or disposition to critically evaluate outputs from intuitive processing and engage in effortful analytic processing) predicted data gathering in a non-clinical sample, but delusional ideation did not. CONCLUSION: The relationship between data gathering and analytic cognitive style suggests that dual-process theories of reasoning can contribute to our understanding of the beads task. It is not clear why delusional ideation was not found to be associated with data gathering or analytic cognitive style.
INTRODUCTION: It has been proposed that deluded and delusion-prone individuals gather less evidence before forming beliefs than those who are not deluded or delusion-prone. The primary source of evidence for this "jumping to conclusions" (JTC) bias is provided by research that utilises the "beads task" data-gathering paradigm. However, the cognitive mechanisms subserving data gathering in this task are poorly understood. METHODS: In the largest published beads task study to date (n = 558), we examined data gathering in the context of influential dual-process theories of reasoning. RESULTS: Analytic cognitive style (the willingness or disposition to critically evaluate outputs from intuitive processing and engage in effortful analytic processing) predicted data gathering in a non-clinical sample, but delusional ideation did not. CONCLUSION: The relationship between data gathering and analytic cognitive style suggests that dual-process theories of reasoning can contribute to our understanding of the beads task. It is not clear why delusional ideation was not found to be associated with data gathering or analytic cognitive style.
Authors: Nico Pytlik; Daniel Soll; Klaus Hesse; Steffen Moritz; Andreas Bechdolf; Jutta Herrlich; Tilo Kircher; Stefan Klingberg; Martin W Landsberg; Bernhard W Müller; Georg Wiedemann; Andreas Wittorf; Wolfgang Wölwer; Michael Wagner; Stephanie Mehl Journal: BMC Psychiatry Date: 2020-11-23 Impact factor: 3.630
Authors: Thea Zander-Schellenberg; Sarah A K Kuhn; Julian Möller; Andrea H Meyer; Christian Huber; Roselind Lieb; Christina Andreou Journal: PLoS One Date: 2021-12-20 Impact factor: 3.240