Contrasting Effects of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor β3 Subunit N265M Mutation on Loss of Righting Reflexes Induced by Etomidate and the Novel Anesthetic Barbiturate R-mTFD-MPAB.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that etomidate modulates γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors by binding at the β-α subunit interface within the transmembrane domain of receptors that incorporate β2 or β3 subunits. Introducing an asparagine-to-methionine (N265M) mutation at position 265 of the β3 subunit, which sits within the etomidate-binding site, attenuates the hypnotic effect of etomidate in vivo. It was reported recently that the photoactivatable barbiturate R-mTFD-MPAB also acts on γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors primarily by binding to a homologous site at the γ-β interface. Given this difference in drug-binding sites established by the in vitro experiments, we hypothesized that the β3-N265M-mutant mice would not be resistant to the anesthetic effects of R-mTFD-MPAB in vivo, whereas the same mutant mice would be resistant to the anesthetic effects of R-etomidate.
METHODS: We measured the effects of IV injection of etomidate and R-mTFD-MPAB on loss and recovery of righting reflex in wild-type mice and in mice carrying the β3-N265M mutation.
RESULTS: Etomidate-induced hypnosis, as measured by the duration of loss of righting reflex, was attenuated in the N265M knock-in mice, confirming prior results. By contrast, recovery of balance and coordinated movement, as measured by the ability to maintain all 4 paws on the ground, was unaffected by the mutation. Neither hypnosis nor impairment of coordinated movement produced by the barbiturate R-mTFD-MPAB was affected by the mutation.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirmed our hypothesis that mutating the etomidate-binding site would not alter the response to the barbiturate R-mTFD-MPAB. Furthermore, we confirmed previous studies indicating that etomidate-induced hypnosis is mediated in part by β3-containing receptors. We also extended previous findings by showing that etomidate-impaired balance and coordinated movement are not mediated by β3-containing receptors, thus implicating β2-containing receptors in this end point.