Trinidad Bergero-Miguel1, María A García-Encinas2, Amelia Villena-Jimena2, Lucía Pérez-Costillas3, Nicolás Sánchez-Álvarez2, Yolanda de Diego-Otero4, Jose Guzman-Parra5. 1. Mental Health Clinical Unit, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain; Transsexual and Gender Identity Unit, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. 2. Mental Health Clinical Unit, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. 3. Mental Health Clinical Unit, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental (INTRAM) (PAIDI CTS456), Málaga, Spain; Department of Public, Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Spain. 4. Mental Health Clinical Unit, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Salud Mental (INTRAM) (PAIDI CTS456), Málaga, Spain. Electronic address: yolanda.dediego@ibima.eu. 5. Mental Health Clinical Unit, University Regional Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Grupo Andaluz de Investigación Psicosocial (GAP) (CTS945), Málaga, Spain.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Social anxiety in gender dysphoria is still under investigation. AIM: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of social anxiety in a sample of individuals with gender dysphoria. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used in a clinical sample attending a public gender identity unit in Spain. The sample consisted of 210 individuals (48% trans female and 52% trans male). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, Structured Clinical Interview, Exposure to Violence Questionnaire (EVQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Functional Social Support Questionnaire (Duke-UNC-11). RESULTS: Of the total sample, 31.4% had social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder was highly correlated with age (r = -0.181; CI = 0.061-0.264; P = .009) and depression (r = 0.345; CI = 0.213-0.468; P < .001); it is strongly associated to current cannabis use (relative risk [RR] = 1.251; CI = 1.070-1.463; P = .001) and lifetime suicidal ideation (RR = 1.902; CI 1.286-2.814; P < .001). Moreover, it is significantly associated to lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (RR = 1.188; CI 1.018-1.386; P = .011), nationality (RR = 7.792; CI 1.059-57.392; P = .013), perceived violence at school during childhood and adolescence (r = 0.169; CI = 0.036-0.303; P = .014), unemployment (RR = 1.333; CI 1.02-1.742; P = .021), and hospitalization of parents in childhood (RR = 1.146; CI = 1.003-4.419; P = .046). Using multivariable analysis, the highly significant variables within the model were depression score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.083; CI = 1.045-1.123; P < .001) and current cannabis use (OR = 3.873; CI = 1.534-9.779, P = .004), also age (OR = 0.948; CI = 0.909-0.989; P = .012), hospitalization of parents during childhood (OR = 2.618; CI = 1.107-6.189; P = .028), and nationality (OR = 9.427; CI = 1.065-83.457; P = .044) were associated with social anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the necessity of implementing actions to prevent and treat social anxiety in this high-risk population.
INTRODUCTION:Social anxiety in gender dysphoria is still under investigation. AIM: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of social anxiety in a sample of individuals with gender dysphoria. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used in a clinical sample attending a public gender identity unit in Spain. The sample consisted of 210 individuals (48% trans female and 52% trans male). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, Structured Clinical Interview, Exposure to Violence Questionnaire (EVQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Functional Social Support Questionnaire (Duke-UNC-11). RESULTS: Of the total sample, 31.4% had social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder was highly correlated with age (r = -0.181; CI = 0.061-0.264; P = .009) and depression (r = 0.345; CI = 0.213-0.468; P < .001); it is strongly associated to current cannabis use (relative risk [RR] = 1.251; CI = 1.070-1.463; P = .001) and lifetime suicidal ideation (RR = 1.902; CI 1.286-2.814; P < .001). Moreover, it is significantly associated to lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (RR = 1.188; CI 1.018-1.386; P = .011), nationality (RR = 7.792; CI 1.059-57.392; P = .013), perceived violence at school during childhood and adolescence (r = 0.169; CI = 0.036-0.303; P = .014), unemployment (RR = 1.333; CI 1.02-1.742; P = .021), and hospitalization of parents in childhood (RR = 1.146; CI = 1.003-4.419; P = .046). Using multivariable analysis, the highly significant variables within the model were depression score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.083; CI = 1.045-1.123; P < .001) and current cannabis use (OR = 3.873; CI = 1.534-9.779, P = .004), also age (OR = 0.948; CI = 0.909-0.989; P = .012), hospitalization of parents during childhood (OR = 2.618; CI = 1.107-6.189; P = .028), and nationality (OR = 9.427; CI = 1.065-83.457; P = .044) were associated with social anxiety disorder. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the necessity of implementing actions to prevent and treat social anxiety in this high-risk population.
Authors: Richard T Liu; Ana E Sheehan; Rachel F L Walsh; Christina M Sanzari; Shayna M Cheek; Evelyn M Hernandez Journal: Clin Psychol Rev Date: 2019-11-09
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Authors: Miguel Ángel López-Sáez; Ariadna Angulo-Brunet; R Lucas Platero; Oscar Lecuona Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-04-05 Impact factor: 3.390