Literature DB >> 27308034

Crystal structure and hydrogen bonding in the water-stabilized proton-transfer salt brucinium 4-amino-phenyl-arsonate tetra-hydrate.

Graham Smith1, Urs D Wermuth1.   

Abstract

In the structure of the brucinium salt of 4-amino-phenyl-arsonic acid (p-arsanilic acid), systematically 2,3-dimeth-oxy-10-oxostrychnidinium 4-amino-phenyl-ar-son-ate tetra-hydrate, (C23H27N2O4)[As(C6H7N)O2(OH)]·4H2O, the brucinium cations form the characteristic undulating and overlapping head-to-tail layered brucine substructures packed along [010]. The arsanilate anions and the water mol-ecules of solvation are accommodated between the layers and are linked to them through a primary cation N-H⋯O(anion) hydrogen bond, as well as through water O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to brucinium and arsanilate ions as well as bridging water O-atom acceptors, giving an overall three-dimensional network structure.

Entities:  

Keywords:  brucinium salts; crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; p-arsanilic acid; water stabilization

Year:  2016        PMID: 27308034      PMCID: PMC4908506          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016006691

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

The Strychnos alkaloid base brucine, (2,3-di­meth­oxy­strychnidin-10-one; BRU) has been extensively employed as a resolving agent for chiral organic compounds (Wilen, 1972 ▸). With chiral acids, the separation is achieved through proton-transfer to N19 of the strychnidine cage (pK a2 = 11.7; O’Neil, 2001 ▸), followed by separation of the resultant crystalline salt products by fractional crystallization. Similar effects are achieved with the essentially identical Strychnos alkaloid strychnine but separation efficiency favours brucine. This is probably because of the formation in the crystal of characteristic brucinium host substructures comprising head-to-tail undulating layers of brucine mol­ecules or cations which accommodate selectively the hydrogen-bonded guest mol­ecules in the crystal structure. A characteristic of the substructure is the repeat inter­val in the layer of ca 12.3 Å along a 21 screw axis in the crystal, which is reflected in the unit-cell dimension, with brucine being predominantly in the monoclinic space group P21 or the ortho­rhom­bic space group P212121 (Smith, Wermuth & White, 2006 ▸; Smith, Wermuth, Young & White, 2006 ▸). This example of mol­ecular recognition was described in the early structure determinations of brucinium benzoyl-d-alanin­ate (Gould & Walkinshaw, 1984 ▸) and in the structures of the pseudopolymorphic brucine solvates, brucineMeOH (1:1) and brucineEtOHwater (1/1/2) (Glover et al., 1985 ▸). The guest mol­ecules are accommodated inter­stitially within the layers and are commonly accompanied by compatible polar solvent mol­ecules, usually generating high-dimensional hydrogen-bonded crystal structures. Currently, a large number of structures of brucine compounds with chiral organic mol­ecules, including both acids and non-acids are known, but in addition those with achiral compounds also feature. Of inter­est to us have been the structures of brucinium proton-transfer salts with largely simple organic acids, prepared under aqueous alcoholic conditions, the crystalline products being stabilized by solvent mol­ecules. Water-stabilized achiral carboxyl­ate examples include BRU+ hydrogen fumarate−·1.5H2O (Dijksma, Gould, Parsons & Walkinshaw, 1998 ▸), BRU+ di­hydrogen citrate−·3H2O (Smith, Wermuth & White, 2005 ▸) and BRU+ benzo­ate−·3H2O (Białońska & Ciunik, 2006b ▸). Other organic acids besides carboxyl­ates may be included among the set but fewer structural examples are known, e.g. sulfonates (BRU+ toluene-4-sulfonate−·3H2O; Smith, Wermuth, Healy et al., 2005 ▸). However, no brucinium arsonate structures are known, so that the reaction of brucine with 4-amino­phenyl­arsonic acid (p-arsanilic acid) in 2-propanol/water was carried out, resulting in the formation of the crystalline hydrated title salt, C23H27N2O4 +· C6H7AsNO3 −·4H2O, and the structure is reported herein. The acid has biological significance as an anti-helminth in veterinary applications (Thomas, 1905 ▸; Steverding, 2010 ▸) and as a monohydrated sodium salt (atox­yl) which had early usage as an anti-syphilitic (Ehrlich & Bertheim, 1907 ▸; Bosch & Rosich, 2008 ▸). Simple p-arsanilate salt structures are not common in the Cambridge Structural Database (Groom et al., 2016 ▸), with only the NH4 + and K+ salts (Smith & Wermuth, 2014 ▸) and the guanidinium salts (Smith & Wermuth, 2010 ▸; Latham et al., 2011 ▸) being known.

Structural commentary

The asymmetric unit of the title salt comprises a brucinium cation, a p-arsanilate anion A and four water mol­ecules of solvation, (O1W–O4W), all inter-associated through hydrogen bonds (Fig. 1 ▸). Protonation has occurred as expected at N19 of the brucine cage, the invoked Peerdeman (1956 ▸) absolute configuration for the strychnidinium mol­ecule giving the overall Cahn–Ingold stereochemistry of the cation as C7(R), C8(S), C12(S), C13(R), C14(R), C16(S) and the additional introduced (S) chiral centre at N19.
Figure 1

Mol­ecular configuration and atom-numbering scheme for the brucinium cation, p-arsanilate anion A and the four water mol­ecules of solvation in the asymmetric unit of the title salt. Inter-species hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines. Non-H atoms are shown as 40% probability displacement ellipsoids.

Supra­molecular features

The brucinium cations form into the previously described undulating sheet–host substructures which are considered to be the reason for the mol­ecular recognition peculiar to brucine (Gould & Walkinshaw, 1984 ▸; Gould et al., 1985 ▸; Dijksma, Gould, Parsons & Walkinshaw, 1998 ▸; Dijksma, Gould, Parsons, Taylor & Walkinshaw, 1998 ▸; Oshikawa et al., 2002 ▸; Białońska & Ciunik, 2004 ▸). In the title salt, these substructures extend along the b-axis direction, with the previously described 21 propagation of the brucinium cations along the ca 12.3 Å axis (Fig. 2 ▸). The p-arsanilate anions and the water mol­ecules occupy the inter­stitial spaces in the structure. The protonated N19 atom of the cation gives a single hydrogen-bonding inter­action with a p-arsanilate oxygen acceptor (O12A) while two of the solvent water mol­ecules (O1W and O3W) form hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl O25 atom of the the brucinium cation (Table 1 ▸). Within the inter-sheet channels, the p-arsanilate anions are linked head-to-head through an O13A—H⋯O11A ii hydrogen bond while both H atoms of the amine group form hydrogen bonds with water mol­ecules O3W and O4W i. The water mol­ecules O2W and O4A are further linked to the p-arsanilate O-atom O12A with O2W also linked to O11A iv. Water mol­ecules O3W and O4W i give inter-water hydrogen bonds and together with a number of inter-mol­ecular C—H⋯O inter­actions (Table 1 ▸) result in an overall three-dimensional network structure (Fig. 3 ▸).
Figure 2

The undulating brucinium sheet substructures in the unit cell of the title salt, less the inter-sheet anion and water mol­ecules, viewed down a. All H atoms except that of the protonated N19 atom have also been removed.

Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N19—H19⋯O12A 0.91 (4)1.72 (4)2.610 (3)168 (4)
N4A—H41A⋯O4W i 0.89 (3)2.46 (4)3.291 (5)155 (4)
N4A—H42A⋯O3W 0.90 (3)2.25 (3)3.137 (6)169 (4)
O13A—H13A⋯O11A ii 0.90 (4)1.67 (4)2.546 (3)165 (4)
O1W—H11W⋯O250.90 (4)1.95 (4)2.843 (4)175 (3)
O1W—H12W⋯O2W iii 0.90 (3)1.87 (4)2.760 (5)168 (4)
O2W—H21W⋯O12A 0.90 (3)2.11 (3)2.945 (4)153 (4)
O2W—H22W⋯O11A iv 0.89 (3)2.07 (4)2.915 (4)158 (5)
O3W—H31W⋯O25v 0.91 (4)2.06 (4)2.922 (4)159 (3)
O3W—H32W⋯O4W vi 0.91 (3)1.91 (3)2.791 (4)164 (3)
O4W—H41W⋯O1W vii 0.90 (4)1.88 (4)2.770 (5)172 (5)
O4W—H42W⋯O12A 0.89 (4)1.91 (4)2.802 (4)174 (5)
C14—H14⋯O3viii 1.002.523.363 (4)142
C15—H151⋯O11A ii 0.992.603.561 (4)165
C18—H182⋯O2W 0.992.583.422 (5)143
C20—H201⋯O11A ii 0.992.413.388 (4)170
C20—H202⋯O13A iv 0.992.433.229 (4)137

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) ; (v) ; (vi) ; (vii) ; (viii) .

Figure 3

A perspective view of the packing in the unit cell, viewed along the approximate a-axial direction, showing the associated anions and the water mol­ecules in the inter­stitial regions of the brucinium layered substructures, with hydrogen-bonding inter­actions shown as dashed lines.

Database survey

Inter­stitial water mol­ecules are present in the structures of the brucine pseudo-polymorphic structures, e.g. the common tetra­hydrate form and the 5.2 hydrate (Smith et al., 2006a ▸) and the dihydrate (Smith et al., 2007 ▸), as well as the mixed solvates BRUEtOH–H2O (1/1/2) (Glover et al., 1985 ▸) and BRU–i-PrOH–H2O (1/1/2) (Białońska & Ciunik, 2004 ▸). A large number of water-stabilized brucinium salts of acids are known: with the inorganic sulfate (BRU)2SO4·7H2O (Białońska & Ciunik, 2005 ▸) and most commonly with aromatic carboxyl­ates, e.g. the benzoate (a trihydrate; Białońska & Ciunik, 2006b ▸); the 4-nitro­benzoate (a dihydrate; Białońska & Ciunik, 2007 ▸); the 3,5-di­nitro­benzoate (a trihydrate; Białońska & Ciunik, 2006a ▸); the 3,5-di­nitro­salicylate (a monohydrate; Smith et al., 2006a ▸); the phthalate (a monohydrate; Krishnan, Gayathri, Sivakumar, Gunasekaran & Anbalagen, 2013 ▸); the hydrogen isophthalate (a trihydrate; Smith, Wermuth, Young & White, 2006 ▸); the hydrogen 3-nitro­phthalate (a dihydrate; Smith, Wermuth, Young & Healy, 2005 ▸) and the picramino­benzoate (a monohydrate; Smith & Wermuth, 2011 ▸). Aliphatic carboxyl­ate examples are: with hydrogen oxalate (a dihydrate; Krishnan, Gayathri, Sivakumar, Chakkaravathi & Anbalagen, 2013 ▸); with hydrogen fumarate (a sesquihydrate; Dijksma, Gould, Parsons & Walkinshaw, 1998 ▸); with hydrogen (S)-malate (a penta­hydrate; Smith, Wermuth & White, 2006 ▸); with di­hydrogen citrate (a trihydrate; Smith, Wermuth & White, 2005 ▸); with l-glycerate (a 4.75 hydrate; Białońska et al., 2005 ▸) and with hydrogen cis-cyclo­hexane-1,2-di­carboxyl­ate (a dihydrate; Smith et al., 2012 ▸). Some sulfonate salts are also known, e.g. with toluene-4-sulfonate (a trihydrate; Smith, Wermuth, Healy et al., 2005 ▸); with 3-carb­oxy-4-hy­droxy­benzene­sulfonate (a penta­hydrate; Smith et al., 2006b ▸) and with biphenyl-4,4′-di­sulfonate (a hexa­hydrate; Smith et al., 2010 ▸).

Synthesis and crystallization

The title compound was synthesized by heating together under reflux for 10 min, 1 mmol qu­anti­ties of brucine tetra­hydrate and 4-amino­phenyl­arsonic acid in 50 mL of 80% 2-propanol/water. After concentration to ca 30 mL, partial room-temperature evaporation of the hot-filtered solution gave thin colourless crystal plates of the title compound from which a specimen was cleaved for the X-ray analysis.

Refinement details

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. Hydrogen atoms potentially involved in hydrogen-bonding inter­actions were located by difference methods but their positional parameters were constrained in the refinement with N—H and O—H = 0.90 Å, and with U iso(H) = 1.2U eq(N) or 1.5U eq(O). Other H atoms were included in the refinement at calculated positions [C—H(aromatic) = 0.95 Å and C—H (aliphatic) = 0.97–1.00 Å] and treated as riding with U iso(H) = 1.2U eq(C). The absolute configuration determined for the parent strychnidinin-10-one mol­ecule (Peerdeman, 1956 ▸) was invoked and was confirmed in the the structure refinement.
Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula(C23H27N2O4)[As(C6H7N)O2(OH)]·4H2O
M r 683.58
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, P212121
Temperature (K)200
a, b, c (Å)7.6553 (3), 12.3238 (5), 31.960 (2)
V3)3015.2 (3)
Z 4
Radiation typeMo Kα
μ (mm−1)1.19
Crystal size (mm)0.36 × 0.34 × 0.10
 
Data collection
DiffractometerOxford Diffraction Gemini-S CCD-detector diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2015)
T min, T max 0.811, 0.980
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections11983, 6980, 5901
R int 0.032
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.693
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.048, 0.096, 1.05
No. of reflections6980
No. of parameters433
No. of restraints14
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.55, −0.46
Absolute structureFlack (1983), 3672 Friedel pairs
Absolute structure parameter−0.005 (9)

Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2015 ▸), SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1993 ▸), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸) within WinGX (Farrugia, 2012 ▸) and PLATON (Spek, 2009 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) global, I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016006691/lh5811sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016006691/lh5811Isup2.hkl CCDC reference: 1475231 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
(C23H27N2O4)[As(C6H7N)O2(OH)]·4H2OF(000) = 1432
Mr = 683.58Dx = 1.506 Mg m3
Orthorhombic, P212121Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: P 2ac 2abCell parameters from 2822 reflections
a = 7.6553 (3) Åθ = 3.4–27.9°
b = 12.3238 (5) ŵ = 1.19 mm1
c = 31.960 (2) ÅT = 200 K
V = 3015.2 (3) Å3Plate, colourless
Z = 40.36 × 0.34 × 0.10 mm
Oxford Diffraction Gemini-S CCD-detector diffractometer6980 independent reflections
Radiation source: Enhance (Mo) X-ray source5901 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.032
Detector resolution: 16.077 pixels mm-1θmax = 29.5°, θmin = 3.1°
ω scansh = −10→6
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2015)k = −16→16
Tmin = 0.811, Tmax = 0.980l = −43→25
11983 measured reflections
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.048H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.096w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0414P)2 + 0.2011P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.05(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
6980 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.55 e Å3
433 parametersΔρmin = −0.46 e Å3
14 restraintsAbsolute structure: Flack (1983), 3672 Friedel pairs
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsAbsolute structure parameter: −0.005 (9)
Geometry. Bond distances, angles etc. have been calculated using the rounded fractional coordinates. All su's are estimated from the variances of the (full) variance-covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account in the estimation of distances, angles and torsion angles
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O20.2664 (3)0.56076 (19)0.24172 (7)0.0288 (8)
O30.2324 (3)0.44912 (19)0.17363 (7)0.0251 (7)
O240.2010 (3)−0.13571 (17)0.32202 (7)0.0224 (7)
O250.2193 (4)0.0496 (2)0.19539 (7)0.0336 (9)
N90.1591 (3)0.1193 (2)0.25929 (8)0.0192 (7)
N190.1326 (4)0.2044 (2)0.39973 (8)0.0220 (8)
C10.2107 (4)0.4025 (3)0.28549 (10)0.0220 (10)
C20.2316 (4)0.4525 (3)0.24709 (10)0.0206 (10)
C30.2176 (4)0.3914 (3)0.21006 (10)0.0200 (9)
C40.1912 (4)0.2806 (2)0.21125 (9)0.0192 (9)
C50.1762 (5)0.2319 (2)0.25023 (10)0.0186 (9)
C60.1822 (5)0.2909 (3)0.28690 (9)0.0200 (9)
C70.1402 (4)0.2196 (3)0.32382 (10)0.0194 (9)
C80.1639 (4)0.1035 (3)0.30544 (9)0.0178 (9)
C100.2084 (5)0.0380 (3)0.23349 (10)0.0224 (10)
C110.2482 (5)−0.0701 (3)0.25362 (11)0.0244 (11)
C120.3195 (5)−0.0703 (3)0.29876 (10)0.0216 (10)
C130.3369 (4)0.0468 (3)0.31477 (9)0.0173 (9)
C140.3946 (4)0.0634 (3)0.36027 (10)0.0208 (10)
C150.4243 (4)0.1858 (3)0.36540 (11)0.0217 (10)
C160.2486 (5)0.2415 (3)0.36351 (10)0.0215 (10)
C17−0.0479 (4)0.2361 (3)0.33974 (11)0.0236 (11)
C18−0.0461 (4)0.1812 (3)0.38190 (10)0.0236 (10)
C200.2066 (5)0.1088 (3)0.42293 (9)0.0234 (10)
C210.2646 (4)0.0242 (3)0.39246 (10)0.0221 (10)
C220.2076 (5)−0.0761 (3)0.39424 (10)0.0235 (10)
C230.2581 (5)−0.1618 (3)0.36323 (11)0.0269 (11)
C250.2845 (6)0.6248 (3)0.27850 (12)0.0400 (14)
C260.2222 (4)0.3880 (3)0.13581 (10)0.0263 (10)
As1A0.18853 (4)0.38087 (2)0.50015 (1)0.0194 (1)
O11A0.0706 (3)0.2967 (2)0.52906 (7)0.0288 (8)
O12A0.1351 (3)0.37219 (19)0.44956 (7)0.0256 (7)
O13A0.4046 (3)0.3544 (2)0.50798 (9)0.0361 (9)
N4A0.1284 (6)0.8469 (3)0.55939 (14)0.0526 (15)
C1A0.1723 (5)0.5265 (2)0.51885 (9)0.0213 (9)
C2A0.0081 (5)0.5733 (3)0.52485 (11)0.0277 (11)
C3A−0.0043 (6)0.6792 (3)0.53827 (11)0.0320 (12)
C4A0.1423 (6)0.7411 (3)0.54628 (12)0.0314 (13)
C5A0.3047 (6)0.6939 (3)0.53962 (11)0.0324 (11)
C6A0.3193 (5)0.5885 (3)0.52554 (10)0.0271 (10)
O1W0.4311 (4)−0.0600 (3)0.13578 (10)0.0461 (11)
O2W−0.2441 (4)0.3881 (3)0.43528 (11)0.0521 (11)
O3W0.4514 (4)0.8770 (3)0.61869 (11)0.0587 (12)
O4W0.2795 (4)0.5374 (3)0.40023 (10)0.0511 (11)
H10.215700.443800.310600.0260*
H40.183700.239200.186300.0230*
H80.064400.056300.314300.0210*
H120.43720−0.105500.299000.0260*
H130.427100.082700.296900.0210*
H140.508000.024800.364800.0250*
H160.267400.321500.366100.0260*
H190.122 (6)0.258 (3)0.4190 (11)0.0620*
H220.13050−0.095400.416300.0280*
H1110.33410−0.108100.235700.0290*
H1120.13960−0.113700.253300.0290*
H1510.481500.200800.392600.0260*
H1520.500900.213000.342700.0260*
H171−0.076100.314200.342400.0280*
H172−0.133600.201500.320800.0280*
H181−0.064700.102100.378900.0280*
H182−0.138500.211200.400200.0280*
H2010.307000.132300.440200.0280*
H2020.116700.078100.441800.0280*
H2310.38680−0.170100.363200.0320*
H2320.20630−0.231900.371800.0320*
H2510.308700.700200.270700.0600*
H2520.381200.596600.295400.0600*
H2530.176000.621600.294700.0600*
H2610.233800.436900.111800.0390*
H2620.109300.350700.134400.0390*
H2630.316600.334300.135200.0390*
H2A−0.094700.532300.519700.0330*
H3A−0.116500.710400.542100.0390*
H5A0.407400.734900.544900.0390*
H6A0.431600.558500.520400.0330*
H13A0.445 (6)0.298 (3)0.4931 (13)0.0770*
H41A0.022 (3)0.876 (4)0.5617 (15)0.0620*
H42A0.227 (3)0.861 (4)0.5735 (13)0.0620*
H11W0.360 (5)−0.029 (4)0.1548 (10)0.0770*
H12W0.358 (5)−0.071 (4)0.1141 (10)0.0770*
H21W−0.134 (3)0.406 (4)0.4425 (16)0.0770*
H22W−0.273 (7)0.328 (2)0.4492 (14)0.0770*
H31W0.406 (6)0.917 (3)0.6400 (11)0.0770*
H32W0.548 (4)0.917 (3)0.6129 (15)0.0770*
H41W0.378 (4)0.512 (4)0.3885 (15)0.0770*
H42W0.242 (7)0.483 (3)0.4163 (13)0.0770*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O20.0412 (17)0.0165 (12)0.0288 (13)−0.0036 (11)0.0025 (12)−0.0002 (10)
O30.0292 (13)0.0255 (13)0.0207 (12)−0.0021 (11)0.0027 (10)0.0008 (10)
O240.0244 (12)0.0185 (11)0.0243 (11)−0.0011 (11)−0.0001 (11)0.0000 (9)
O250.0533 (19)0.0281 (14)0.0195 (12)0.0026 (14)0.0064 (13)−0.0055 (10)
N90.0226 (14)0.0182 (12)0.0168 (12)0.0001 (13)−0.0003 (11)−0.0035 (11)
N190.0261 (15)0.0230 (15)0.0169 (14)−0.0009 (12)0.0011 (12)−0.0052 (12)
C10.0251 (19)0.0207 (17)0.0203 (16)0.0005 (14)−0.0011 (15)−0.0087 (13)
C20.0181 (18)0.0173 (16)0.0263 (18)0.0022 (13)0.0011 (15)0.0004 (14)
C30.0169 (17)0.0247 (17)0.0183 (15)−0.0004 (15)0.0021 (13)0.0018 (14)
C40.0200 (16)0.0229 (16)0.0148 (14)−0.0001 (15)0.0007 (15)−0.0046 (12)
C50.0196 (17)0.0181 (15)0.0181 (15)0.0014 (14)−0.0008 (15)−0.0012 (12)
C60.0196 (16)0.0213 (15)0.0192 (15)0.0022 (15)0.0023 (15)0.0000 (13)
C70.0228 (17)0.0176 (16)0.0177 (16)0.0017 (13)0.0007 (14)−0.0031 (13)
C80.0193 (16)0.0188 (16)0.0153 (14)−0.0002 (14)0.0004 (13)−0.0039 (12)
C100.0214 (18)0.0235 (17)0.0224 (17)−0.0025 (16)0.0005 (16)−0.0059 (14)
C110.030 (2)0.0184 (17)0.0248 (18)0.0021 (14)−0.0014 (16)−0.0066 (14)
C120.0204 (17)0.0190 (16)0.0255 (17)0.0035 (16)0.0024 (16)−0.0047 (13)
C130.0137 (16)0.0175 (15)0.0208 (16)−0.0005 (13)0.0031 (13)−0.0038 (12)
C140.0164 (17)0.0248 (18)0.0211 (17)0.0020 (14)−0.0029 (14)−0.0028 (14)
C150.0210 (18)0.0250 (18)0.0192 (17)−0.0039 (15)−0.0021 (15)−0.0058 (15)
C160.0291 (18)0.0173 (16)0.0182 (16)−0.0043 (13)0.0024 (15)−0.0043 (13)
C170.0249 (19)0.0242 (19)0.0216 (17)0.0053 (15)0.0030 (15)−0.0054 (14)
C180.0186 (17)0.0283 (19)0.0239 (18)0.0018 (15)0.0061 (15)−0.0032 (15)
C200.0289 (18)0.0239 (17)0.0175 (15)−0.0004 (17)−0.0029 (15)0.0001 (14)
C210.0204 (17)0.0257 (18)0.0201 (16)0.0025 (14)−0.0065 (14)0.0003 (14)
C220.0229 (18)0.0272 (17)0.0205 (16)0.0019 (15)−0.0026 (16)0.0032 (13)
C230.0284 (19)0.0210 (17)0.0314 (19)−0.0009 (14)−0.0039 (16)0.0031 (15)
C250.062 (3)0.0220 (19)0.036 (2)−0.004 (2)−0.002 (2)−0.0032 (17)
C260.0268 (19)0.0317 (19)0.0204 (15)0.0005 (17)−0.0019 (14)0.0030 (16)
As1A0.0219 (2)0.0175 (1)0.0187 (1)−0.0005 (1)0.0006 (2)−0.0038 (2)
O11A0.0363 (15)0.0273 (13)0.0229 (12)−0.0063 (12)0.0047 (11)−0.0041 (11)
O12A0.0368 (14)0.0204 (12)0.0197 (11)0.0008 (11)0.0016 (10)−0.0054 (10)
O13A0.0239 (12)0.0339 (14)0.0505 (19)0.0038 (11)−0.0055 (13)−0.0178 (13)
N4A0.060 (3)0.0279 (19)0.070 (3)0.0095 (18)−0.011 (2)−0.0174 (18)
C1A0.0328 (19)0.0171 (15)0.0139 (15)−0.0015 (15)0.0001 (16)−0.0007 (12)
C2A0.0270 (19)0.0250 (19)0.031 (2)0.0009 (15)0.0045 (17)−0.0009 (16)
C3A0.042 (2)0.026 (2)0.028 (2)0.0090 (17)0.0073 (18)0.0008 (16)
C4A0.048 (3)0.0208 (18)0.0254 (18)0.0027 (17)−0.0018 (18)0.0023 (15)
C5A0.043 (2)0.0239 (18)0.0303 (19)−0.0078 (19)−0.0059 (19)−0.0012 (15)
C6A0.0313 (19)0.0277 (18)0.0224 (16)−0.0030 (17)−0.0018 (18)−0.0022 (14)
O1W0.0439 (18)0.0500 (19)0.0445 (18)0.0115 (16)0.0045 (15)−0.0085 (16)
O2W0.0453 (17)0.053 (2)0.058 (2)0.0021 (17)0.0002 (16)0.0257 (18)
O3W0.059 (2)0.059 (2)0.058 (2)−0.0071 (19)0.0088 (17)−0.0055 (18)
O4W0.050 (2)0.0452 (19)0.058 (2)0.0023 (16)0.0108 (17)0.0184 (16)
As1A—O12A1.671 (2)C13—C141.534 (4)
As1A—O13A1.704 (2)C14—C211.511 (5)
As1A—C1A1.896 (3)C14—C151.534 (5)
As1A—O11A1.657 (2)C15—C161.511 (5)
O2—C21.371 (4)C17—C181.508 (5)
O2—C251.423 (4)C20—C211.494 (5)
O3—C261.426 (4)C21—C221.312 (5)
O3—C31.369 (4)C22—C231.499 (5)
O24—C231.425 (4)C1—H10.9500
O24—C121.423 (4)C4—H40.9500
O25—C101.229 (4)C8—H81.0000
O13A—H13A0.90 (4)C11—H1110.9900
O1W—H12W0.90 (3)C11—H1120.9900
O1W—H11W0.90 (4)C12—H121.0000
O2W—H22W0.89 (3)C13—H131.0000
O2W—H21W0.90 (3)C14—H141.0000
O3W—H32W0.91 (3)C15—H1520.9900
O3W—H31W0.91 (4)C15—H1510.9900
N9—C51.424 (4)C16—H161.0000
N9—C101.351 (4)C17—H1710.9900
N9—C81.488 (4)C17—H1720.9900
N19—C161.529 (4)C18—H1820.9900
N19—C181.509 (4)C18—H1810.9900
N19—C201.503 (4)C20—H2020.9900
O4W—H42W0.89 (4)C20—H2010.9900
O4W—H41W0.90 (4)C22—H220.9500
N19—H190.91 (4)C23—H2320.9900
N4A—C4A1.374 (5)C23—H2310.9900
N4A—H41A0.89 (3)C25—H2520.9800
N4A—H42A0.90 (3)C25—H2510.9800
C1—C21.383 (5)C25—H2530.9800
C1—C61.393 (5)C26—H2620.9800
C2—C31.407 (5)C26—H2630.9800
C3—C41.381 (4)C26—H2610.9800
C4—C51.388 (4)C1A—C6A1.377 (5)
C5—C61.380 (4)C1A—C2A1.396 (5)
C6—C71.506 (5)C2A—C3A1.377 (5)
C7—C171.541 (4)C3A—C4A1.381 (6)
C7—C161.540 (5)C4A—C5A1.389 (6)
C7—C81.557 (5)C5A—C6A1.379 (5)
C8—C131.527 (5)C2A—H2A0.9500
C10—C111.511 (5)C3A—H3A0.9500
C11—C121.543 (5)C5A—H5A0.9500
C12—C131.537 (5)C6A—H6A0.9500
O12A—As1A—C1A110.46 (12)N9—C8—H8110.00
O13A—As1A—C1A101.45 (14)C7—C8—H8110.00
O12A—As1A—O13A111.55 (13)C13—C8—H8110.00
O11A—As1A—C1A112.41 (13)C12—C11—H111108.00
O11A—As1A—O12A111.48 (11)C10—C11—H111108.00
O11A—As1A—O13A109.09 (12)C10—C11—H112108.00
C2—O2—C25117.1 (3)H111—C11—H112107.00
C3—O3—C26116.2 (3)C12—C11—H112108.00
C12—O24—C23114.5 (3)O24—C12—H12109.00
As1A—O13A—H13A114 (3)C13—C12—H12109.00
H11W—O1W—H12W102 (3)C11—C12—H12109.00
H21W—O2W—H22W108 (5)C8—C13—H13107.00
H31W—O3W—H32W100 (4)C12—C13—H13107.00
C8—N9—C10120.1 (3)C14—C13—H13106.00
C5—N9—C10125.0 (3)C15—C14—H14109.00
C5—N9—C8109.1 (2)C21—C14—H14109.00
C16—N19—C18107.3 (2)C13—C14—H14109.00
C16—N19—C20112.9 (3)H151—C15—H152109.00
C18—N19—C20112.3 (3)C16—C15—H151110.00
H41W—O4W—H42W104 (4)C16—C15—H152110.00
C20—N19—H19106 (2)C14—C15—H151110.00
C18—N19—H19108 (3)C14—C15—H152110.00
C16—N19—H19110 (3)N19—C16—H16108.00
H41A—N4A—H42A130 (4)C15—C16—H16108.00
C4A—N4A—H42A106 (3)C7—C16—H16109.00
C4A—N4A—H41A119 (3)C7—C17—H171111.00
C2—C1—C6119.1 (3)C7—C17—H172111.00
O2—C2—C1124.6 (3)C18—C17—H171111.00
O2—C2—C3115.5 (3)C18—C17—H172111.00
C1—C2—C3120.0 (3)H171—C17—H172109.00
O3—C3—C2115.5 (3)H181—C18—H182109.00
O3—C3—C4123.3 (3)C17—C18—H182111.00
C2—C3—C4121.2 (3)N19—C18—H182111.00
C3—C4—C5117.7 (3)C17—C18—H181111.00
C4—C5—C6122.1 (3)N19—C18—H181111.00
N9—C5—C4127.7 (3)C21—C20—H201110.00
N9—C5—C6110.1 (3)N19—C20—H202110.00
C5—C6—C7110.5 (3)H201—C20—H202108.00
C1—C6—C7129.4 (3)N19—C20—H201110.00
C1—C6—C5119.9 (3)C21—C20—H202110.00
C6—C7—C8102.5 (3)C23—C22—H22118.00
C16—C7—C17102.0 (3)C21—C22—H22118.00
C6—C7—C17112.4 (3)O24—C23—H232109.00
C8—C7—C17110.8 (3)O24—C23—H231109.00
C6—C7—C16115.4 (3)H231—C23—H232108.00
C8—C7—C16114.1 (3)C22—C23—H232109.00
C7—C8—C13116.6 (3)C22—C23—H231109.00
N9—C8—C7104.5 (3)H251—C25—H253109.00
N9—C8—C13106.0 (2)H252—C25—H253110.00
O25—C10—C11120.7 (3)H251—C25—H252109.00
O25—C10—N9122.5 (3)O2—C25—H253109.00
N9—C10—C11116.8 (3)O2—C25—H251110.00
C10—C11—C12118.1 (3)O2—C25—H252109.00
O24—C12—C11105.3 (3)O3—C26—H261110.00
O24—C12—C13114.4 (3)H261—C26—H262109.00
C11—C12—C13109.9 (3)H261—C26—H263109.00
C8—C13—C12106.8 (3)H262—C26—H263109.00
C8—C13—C14112.0 (3)O3—C26—H262110.00
C12—C13—C14117.8 (3)O3—C26—H263109.00
C13—C14—C15106.0 (3)As1A—C1A—C2A119.6 (3)
C15—C14—C21109.8 (3)C2A—C1A—C6A119.0 (3)
C13—C14—C21114.4 (3)As1A—C1A—C6A121.4 (3)
C14—C15—C16108.1 (3)C1A—C2A—C3A119.8 (4)
C7—C16—C15115.7 (3)C2A—C3A—C4A121.7 (4)
N19—C16—C7105.0 (3)N4A—C4A—C5A120.9 (4)
N19—C16—C15110.5 (3)N4A—C4A—C3A121.2 (4)
C7—C17—C18103.1 (3)C3A—C4A—C5A117.9 (4)
N19—C18—C17105.1 (3)C4A—C5A—C6A121.1 (4)
N19—C20—C21109.7 (2)C1A—C6A—C5A120.5 (4)
C14—C21—C20114.6 (3)C1A—C2A—H2A120.00
C14—C21—C22123.4 (3)C3A—C2A—H2A120.00
C20—C21—C22122.0 (3)C2A—C3A—H3A119.00
C21—C22—C23123.3 (3)C4A—C3A—H3A119.00
O24—C23—C22111.9 (3)C6A—C5A—H5A119.00
C6—C1—H1120.00C4A—C5A—H5A119.00
C2—C1—H1120.00C1A—C6A—H6A120.00
C5—C4—H4121.00C5A—C6A—H6A120.00
C3—C4—H4121.00
O11A—As1A—C1A—C2A−51.9 (3)C17—C7—C8—C13−140.8 (3)
O11A—As1A—C1A—C6A130.0 (2)C6—C7—C16—N19153.5 (3)
O12A—As1A—C1A—C2A73.4 (3)C8—C7—C16—N19−88.2 (3)
O12A—As1A—C1A—C6A−104.8 (3)C8—C7—C16—C1533.9 (4)
O13A—As1A—C1A—C2A−168.3 (3)C17—C7—C16—N1931.3 (3)
O13A—As1A—C1A—C6A13.6 (3)C17—C7—C16—C15153.4 (3)
C25—O2—C2—C11.0 (5)C6—C7—C17—C18−166.0 (3)
C25—O2—C2—C3−178.9 (3)C8—C7—C17—C1880.1 (3)
C26—O3—C3—C2178.7 (3)C6—C7—C16—C15−84.4 (4)
C26—O3—C3—C4−1.1 (4)C6—C7—C8—N9−17.5 (3)
C23—O24—C12—C13−69.2 (4)C6—C7—C8—C1399.1 (3)
C12—O24—C23—C2287.0 (4)C16—C7—C8—N9−142.9 (3)
C23—O24—C12—C11170.0 (3)C16—C7—C8—C13−26.3 (4)
C8—N9—C5—C6−3.2 (4)C17—C7—C8—N9102.6 (3)
C8—N9—C5—C4174.7 (3)C16—C7—C17—C18−41.8 (3)
C5—N9—C10—O25−24.5 (5)N9—C8—C13—C12−71.7 (3)
C10—N9—C5—C422.1 (6)N9—C8—C13—C14158.0 (3)
C10—N9—C5—C6−155.9 (3)C7—C8—C13—C1442.2 (4)
C5—N9—C8—C713.4 (3)C7—C8—C13—C12172.5 (3)
C5—N9—C8—C13−110.4 (3)O25—C10—C11—C12150.9 (4)
C10—N9—C8—C7167.6 (3)N9—C10—C11—C12−29.9 (5)
C10—N9—C8—C1343.9 (4)C10—C11—C12—C13−0.2 (4)
C8—N9—C10—O25−174.4 (3)C10—C11—C12—O24123.5 (3)
C8—N9—C10—C116.3 (5)C11—C12—C13—C849.1 (3)
C5—N9—C10—C11156.3 (3)O24—C12—C13—C8−69.1 (3)
C20—N19—C16—C15−10.7 (4)O24—C12—C13—C1457.9 (4)
C16—N19—C18—C17−16.7 (3)C11—C12—C13—C14176.1 (3)
C18—N19—C16—C7−9.6 (3)C12—C13—C14—C15172.5 (3)
C18—N19—C16—C15−134.9 (3)C8—C13—C14—C15−63.1 (3)
C20—N19—C16—C7114.7 (3)C8—C13—C14—C2158.1 (4)
C18—N19—C20—C2174.2 (3)C12—C13—C14—C21−66.4 (4)
C20—N19—C18—C17−141.3 (3)C15—C14—C21—C22176.6 (3)
C16—N19—C20—C21−47.3 (4)C21—C14—C15—C16−54.5 (3)
C2—C1—C6—C7−174.0 (3)C13—C14—C15—C1669.6 (3)
C6—C1—C2—O2−177.6 (3)C15—C14—C21—C20−4.2 (4)
C6—C1—C2—C32.3 (5)C13—C14—C21—C20−123.2 (3)
C2—C1—C6—C50.4 (5)C13—C14—C21—C2257.6 (5)
C1—C2—C3—C4−3.1 (5)C14—C15—C16—N1962.7 (3)
O2—C2—C3—O3−3.0 (4)C14—C15—C16—C7−56.4 (4)
O2—C2—C3—C4176.9 (3)C7—C17—C18—N1936.4 (3)
C1—C2—C3—O3177.1 (3)N19—C20—C21—C1456.0 (4)
O3—C3—C4—C5−179.2 (3)N19—C20—C21—C22−124.8 (4)
C2—C3—C4—C51.0 (5)C20—C21—C22—C23177.7 (3)
C3—C4—C5—N9−176.0 (3)C14—C21—C22—C23−3.2 (5)
C3—C4—C5—C61.8 (5)C21—C22—C23—O24−62.7 (5)
N9—C5—C6—C7−9.0 (4)As1A—C1A—C2A—C3A−179.7 (3)
N9—C5—C6—C1175.6 (3)C6A—C1A—C2A—C3A−1.6 (5)
C4—C5—C6—C1−2.5 (6)As1A—C1A—C6A—C5A−179.2 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C7172.9 (3)C2A—C1A—C6A—C5A2.7 (5)
C5—C6—C7—C16141.2 (3)C1A—C2A—C3A—C4A−0.4 (5)
C1—C6—C7—C8−168.6 (4)C2A—C3A—C4A—N4A179.6 (4)
C1—C6—C7—C16−44.0 (5)C2A—C3A—C4A—C5A1.2 (5)
C1—C6—C7—C1772.5 (5)N4A—C4A—C5A—C6A−178.5 (4)
C5—C6—C7—C816.6 (4)C3A—C4A—C5A—C6A−0.1 (5)
C5—C6—C7—C17−102.4 (4)C4A—C5A—C6A—C1A−1.8 (5)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N19—H19···O12A0.91 (4)1.72 (4)2.610 (3)168 (4)
N4A—H41A···O4Wi0.89 (3)2.46 (4)3.291 (5)155 (4)
N4A—H42A···O3W0.90 (3)2.25 (3)3.137 (6)169 (4)
O13A—H13A···O11Aii0.90 (4)1.67 (4)2.546 (3)165 (4)
O1W—H11W···O250.90 (4)1.95 (4)2.843 (4)175 (3)
O1W—H12W···O2Wiii0.90 (3)1.87 (4)2.760 (5)168 (4)
O2W—H21W···O12A0.90 (3)2.11 (3)2.945 (4)153 (4)
O2W—H22W···O11Aiv0.89 (3)2.07 (4)2.915 (4)158 (5)
O3W—H31W···O25v0.91 (4)2.06 (4)2.922 (4)159 (3)
O3W—H32W···O4Wvi0.91 (3)1.91 (3)2.791 (4)164 (3)
O4W—H41W···O1Wvii0.90 (4)1.88 (4)2.770 (5)172 (5)
O4W—H42W···O12A0.89 (4)1.91 (4)2.802 (4)174 (5)
C4—H4···O250.952.372.900 (4)115
C6A—H6A···O13A0.952.553.011 (4)110
C8—H8···O241.002.603.009 (4)104
C14—H14···O3viii1.002.523.363 (4)142
C15—H151···O11Aii0.992.603.561 (4)165
C18—H182···O2W0.992.583.422 (5)143
C20—H201···O11Aii0.992.413.388 (4)170
C20—H202···O13Aiv0.992.433.229 (4)137
  18 in total

1.  Pseudopolymorphism in brucine: brucine-water (1/2), the third crystal hydrate of brucine.

Authors:  Graham Smith; Urs D Wermuth; Jonathan M White
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C       Date:  2007-07-26       Impact factor: 1.172

2.  Brucine and two solvates.

Authors:  Agata Białońska; Zbigniew Ciunik
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C       Date:  2004-11-11       Impact factor: 1.172

3.  Brucinium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate methanol solvate, methanol disolvate and trihydrate.

Authors:  Agata Białońska; Zbigniew Ciunik
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C       Date:  2006-07-14       Impact factor: 1.172

4.  The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structures in the ammonium and sodium salt hydrates of 4-aminophenylarsonic acid.

Authors:  Graham Smith; Urs D Wermuth
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2014-07-04       Impact factor: 1.172

Review 5.  The contributions of Paul Ehrlich to pharmacology: a tribute on the occasion of the centenary of his Nobel Prize.

Authors:  Fèlix Bosch; Laia Rosich
Journal:  Pharmacology       Date:  2008-08-05       Impact factor: 2.547

6.  Isomorphous brucinium 4-nitrobenzoate methanol solvate and brucinium 4-nitrobenzoate dihydrate.

Authors:  Agata Białońska; Zbigniew Ciunik
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C       Date:  2007-01-23       Impact factor: 1.172

7.  Guanidinium phenyl-arsonate-guanidine-water (1/1/2).

Authors:  Graham Smith; Urs D Wermuth
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2010-07-03

8.  2,3-Dimeth-oxy-10-oxostrychnidinium hydrogen oxalate dihydrate.

Authors:  P Krishnan; K Gayathri; N Sivakumar; G Chakkaravarthi; G Anbalagan
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2013-04-05

9.  Structure validation in chemical crystallography.

Authors:  Anthony L Spek
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr       Date:  2009-01-20

10.  The Cambridge Structural Database.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Ian J Bruno; Matthew P Lightfoot; Suzanna C Ward
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater       Date:  2016-04-01
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