Yoshie Nagata1, Yukiko Sugiyama2, Fumimasa Fukuta3, Akio Takayanagi3, Naoya Masumori3, Taiji Tsukamoto3, Hiroshi Akasaka4, Hirofumi Ohnishi2,4, Shigeyuki Saitoh5, Tetsuji Miura4, Kaoru Moriyama6, Hirokazu Tsuji6, Hideyuki Akaza7, Mitsuru Mori2. 1. Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, West-17, South-1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan. ynagata@sapmed.ac.jp. 2. Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, West-17, South-1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan. 3. Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, West-17, South-1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan. 4. Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, West-17, South-1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan. 5. Department of Nursing, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, West-17, South-1, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan. 6. Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Izumi 5-11, Kunitachi, Tokyo, 186-0012, Japan. 7. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Isoflavones may play a role in the prevention of hormone-related cancers. Equol is an isoflavone metabolized from daidzein in the presence of certain intestinal bacteria. Slackia sp. strain NATTS, a newly identified equol-producing bacterium, was recently isolated from human feces in Japan. We investigated the association of serum levels and dietary intake of isoflavones and Slackia sp. strain NATTS with the risk of prostate cancer in a case-control study among Japanese men. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and 56 hospital controls were enrolled in this study. Isoflavones were assessed by measurement of serum levels and administration of a food frequency questionnaire. Slackia sp. strain NATTS in feces was also measured. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for prostate cancer were then determined using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The adjusted ORs for prostate cancer in comparison with the highest to lowest categories were 0.06 (95 % CI 0.02-0.24) for serum genistein, 0.18 (95 % CI 0.06-0.52) for daidzein, 0.16 (95 % CI 0.06-0.46) for glycitein, 0.52 (95 % CI 0.22-1.22) for equol, 0.86 (95 % CI 0.30-2.48) for dietary genistein, and 0.80 (95 % CI 0.28-2.28) for dietary daidzein. The adjusted OR for prostate cancer in comparison with values above versus below the median was 0.95 (95 % CI 0.42-2.16) for Slackia sp. strain NATTS. CONCLUSION: Our study findings suggest that high serum levels of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein are significantly associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer among Japanese men.
PURPOSE:Isoflavones may play a role in the prevention of hormone-related cancers. Equol is an isoflavone metabolized from daidzein in the presence of certain intestinal bacteria. Slackia sp. strain NATTS, a newly identified equol-producing bacterium, was recently isolated from human feces in Japan. We investigated the association of serum levels and dietary intake of isoflavones and Slackia sp. strain NATTS with the risk of prostate cancer in a case-control study among Japanese men. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and 56 hospital controls were enrolled in this study. Isoflavones were assessed by measurement of serum levels and administration of a food frequency questionnaire. Slackia sp. strain NATTS in feces was also measured. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for prostate cancer were then determined using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The adjusted ORs for prostate cancer in comparison with the highest to lowest categories were 0.06 (95 % CI 0.02-0.24) for serum genistein, 0.18 (95 % CI 0.06-0.52) for daidzein, 0.16 (95 % CI 0.06-0.46) for glycitein, 0.52 (95 % CI 0.22-1.22) for equol, 0.86 (95 % CI 0.30-2.48) for dietary genistein, and 0.80 (95 % CI 0.28-2.28) for dietary daidzein. The adjusted OR for prostate cancer in comparison with values above versus below the median was 0.95 (95 % CI 0.42-2.16) for Slackia sp. strain NATTS. CONCLUSION: Our study findings suggest that high serum levels of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein are significantly associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer among Japanese men.
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