Mutation in AIDS restriction gene affecting HIV infection and disease progression in a high risk group from Northeastern India.

BACKGROUND: HIV estimates for 2009 released by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) reveals that 2.4 million people in India were living with HIV, 39% being female, 4.4% children and 82.4% adult males between the age group of 15 and 49 years. Persons with host genetic polymorphism CCR5Δ32 mutation are known to be partially or fully resistant to HIV infection. Persons with mutation affecting both the alleles (homozygous) are resistant to HIV infection whereas single allele (heterozygous) polymorphism leads to slower progression to AIDS. CCR5Δ32 mutation is commoner in Caucasians but less prevalent amongst Africans and Asians thereby rendering them susceptible to HIV infection.
METHOD: 571 HIV serologically naive subjects from a young and homogenous male population hailing from the seven northeastern states; West Bengal and Gorkha people were selected. All the subjects belonged to a special high risk group, sexually active and typically working in difficult and uncongenial terrain involved in frequent moves including overseas missions. Their family lives are severely disrupted. 181 HIV seropositive cases of which 92 cases that were admitted in a large tertiary care hospital were also included. The distribution of CCR5Δ32 polymorphism amongst both HIV seronegative (HSN) and HIV seropositive study cohorts (HSP) using molecular methods was studied. RESULTS AND
CONCLUSION: There was failure to detect any CCR5Δ32 amongst this study group suggesting that this population from the northeastern India, West Bengal and Gorkha people are not protected by this specific host polymorphism in respect of acquisition of HIV infection as well as progression to AIDS.