Rebecca Zhang1, Eduardo A Undurraga2,3, Wu Zeng2, Victoria Reyes-García4, Susan Tanner5, William R Leonard6, Jere R Behrman7, Ricardo A Godoy2. 1. a Federal Reserve Board , Washington , DC , USA ; 2. b Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University , Waltham , MA , USA ; 3. c Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago de Chile , Chile ; 4. d Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra , Spain ; 5. e Department of Anthropology , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA ; 6. f Department of Anthropology , Northwestern University , IL , USA ; 7. g Department of Economics and Population Studies Center , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Childhood growth stunting is negatively associated with cognitive and health outcomes, and is claimed to be irreversible after age 2. AIM: To estimate growth rates for children aged 2-7 who were stunted (sex-age standardised z-score [HAZ] <-2), marginally-stunted (-2 ≤ HAZ ≤-1) or not-stunted (HAZ >-1) at baseline and tracked annually until age 11; frequency of movement among height categories; and variation in height predicted by early childhood height. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study used a 9-year annual panel (2002-2010) from a native Amazonian society of horticulturalists-foragers (Tsimane'; n = 174 girls; 179 boys at baseline). Descriptive statistics and random-effect regressions were used. RESULTS: This study found some evidence of catch-up growth in HAZ, but persistent height deficits. Children stunted at baseline improved 1 HAZ unit by age 11 and had higher annual growth rates than non-stunted children. Marginally-stunted boys had a 0.1 HAZ units higher annual growth rate than non-stunted boys. Despite some catch up, ∼ 80% of marginally-stunted children at baseline remained marginally-stunted by age 11. The height deficit increased from age 2 to 11. Modest year-to-year movement was found between height categories. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of growth faltering among the Tsimane' has declined, but hurdles still substantially lock children into height categories.
BACKGROUND: Childhood growth stunting is negatively associated with cognitive and health outcomes, and is claimed to be irreversible after age 2. AIM: To estimate growth rates for children aged 2-7 who were stunted (sex-age standardised z-score [HAZ] <-2), marginally-stunted (-2 ≤ HAZ ≤-1) or not-stunted (HAZ >-1) at baseline and tracked annually until age 11; frequency of movement among height categories; and variation in height predicted by early childhood height. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study used a 9-year annual panel (2002-2010) from a native Amazonian society of horticulturalists-foragers (Tsimane'; n = 174 girls; 179 boys at baseline). Descriptive statistics and random-effect regressions were used. RESULTS: This study found some evidence of catch-up growth in HAZ, but persistent height deficits. Children stunted at baseline improved 1 HAZ unit by age 11 and had higher annual growth rates than non-stunted children. Marginally-stunted boyshad a 0.1 HAZ units higher annual growth rate than non-stunted boys. Despite some catch up, ∼ 80% of marginally-stunted children at baseline remained marginally-stunted by age 11. The height deficit increased from age 2 to 11. Modest year-to-year movement was found between height categories. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of growth faltering among the Tsimane' has declined, but hurdles still substantially lock children into height categories.
Entities:
Keywords:
Growth faltering; Tsimane’; public health; social epidemiology; stunting
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