Lisa M Shulman1, Melissa Armstrong2, Terry Ellis3, Ann Gruber-Baldini4, Fay Horak5, Alice Nieuwboer6, Sotirios Parashos7, Bart Post8, Mark Rogers9, Andrew Siderowf10, Christopher G Goetz11, Anette Schrag12, Glenn T Stebbins11, Pablo Martinez-Martin13. 1. Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. lshulman@som.umaryland.edu. 2. Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 3. Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 5. Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University and Portland VA Medical System, Portland, Oregon, USA. 6. Department of Rehabilitation Science, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium. 7. Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, Minnesota, USA. 8. Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 9. Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 10. Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 11. Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA. 12. UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK. 13. National Center of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: PD is associated with impairments that progress over time to disability. A large number of disability scales exist with little information on the best choice in PD. METHODS: Following methodology adopted by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force, a review of disability scales used in PD was completed. Based on prespecified criteria, the review categorized scales into: "Recommended"; "Recommended with Further Validation in PD Required" when well-validated scales have not been specifically tested for clinimetric properties in PD; "Suggested"; and "Listed." RESULTS: Twenty-nine disability instruments were identified with nine scales fulfilling criteria for "Recommended" and 7 "Recommended with Further Validation in PD Required." Eight scales are "Suggested" and five scales are "Listed" for use in PD. The nine Recommended scales (Functional Status Questionnaire, Lawton-Brody Activities of Daily Living, Nottingham Activities of Daily Living, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living, Self-Assessment PD Disability, Short Parkinson's Evaluation Scale/Scales for Outcomes in PD, Unified PD Rating Scale-II: Activities of Daily Living, Movement Disorders Society UPDRS Motor Experiences of Daily Living, PROMIS® and Neuro-QoL Physical Function), and the seven Recommended with Further Validation in PD Required are reviewed. CONCLUSION: Many disability measures are available and recommended for application in PD. The Task Force does not recommend the development of a new scale. Selection of the most appropriate instrument for a particular objective requires consideration of the characteristics of each scale and the goals of the assessment.
INTRODUCTION:PD is associated with impairments that progress over time to disability. A large number of disability scales exist with little information on the best choice in PD. METHODS: Following methodology adopted by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force, a review of disability scales used in PD was completed. Based on prespecified criteria, the review categorized scales into: "Recommended"; "Recommended with Further Validation in PD Required" when well-validated scales have not been specifically tested for clinimetric properties in PD; "Suggested"; and "Listed." RESULTS: Twenty-nine disability instruments were identified with nine scales fulfilling criteria for "Recommended" and 7 "Recommended with Further Validation in PD Required." Eight scales are "Suggested" and five scales are "Listed" for use in PD. The nine Recommended scales (Functional Status Questionnaire, Lawton-Brody Activities of Daily Living, Nottingham Activities of Daily Living, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living, Self-Assessment PD Disability, Short Parkinson's Evaluation Scale/Scales for Outcomes in PD, Unified PD Rating Scale-II: Activities of Daily Living, Movement Disorders Society UPDRS Motor Experiences of Daily Living, PROMIS® and Neuro-QoL Physical Function), and the seven Recommended with Further Validation in PD Required are reviewed. CONCLUSION: Many disability measures are available and recommended for application in PD. The Task Force does not recommend the development of a new scale. Selection of the most appropriate instrument for a particular objective requires consideration of the characteristics of each scale and the goals of the assessment.
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