Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Using an Individual 3-Dimensionally Printed Surgical Guide.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is an endoscopic technique used for treating large stones, multiple stones, and staghorn calculi. Although minimally invasive, complication rate of PNL reaches 25%, and it is partially associated with needle puncture during nephrostomy tract preparation. Continuous improvement of armamentarium and imaging methods and the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) visualizations optimize the procedure; however, the rapid and precise establishment of the nephrostomy tract is still difficult. In the present short communication, we present the PNL procedure assisted by a personalized 3D-printed surgical guide (SG) to ensure fast and precise needle access to the renal collecting system. We also describe the workflow for SG preparation, which consists of CT image acquisition and data segmentation, planning a safe needle insertion path, SG designing, and guide manufacturing. With the growing market of low-cost 3D printers, the presented technique can shorten the PNL procedure time and decrease the complication rate associated with needle puncture in a cost-efficient manner.