State of the art. Autologous fat graft and adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction injection for hand therapy in systemic sclerosis patients.

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by sclerosis (hardening) of the skin and deep viscera associated with microvascular functional and structural alteration, which leads to chronic ischemia. In the hands of patients, ischemic and fibrotic damages lead to both pain and functional impairment. Hand disability creates a large burden in professional and daily activities, with social and psychological consequences. Currently, the proposed therapeutic options for hands rely mainly on hygienic measures, vasodilatator drugs and physiotherapy, but have many constraints and limited effects. Developing an innovative therapeutic approach is crucial to reduce symptoms and improve the quality of life. The discovery of adult stem cells from adipose tissue has increased the interest to use adipose tissue in plastic and regenerative surgery. Prepared as freshly isolated cells for immediate autologous transplantation, adipose tissue-derived stem cell therapy has emerged as a therapeutic alternative for the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues. We aim to update literature in the interest of autologous fat graft or adipose derived from stromal vascular fraction cell-based therapy for the hands of patients who suffer from systemic sclerosis.