Vincent Daien1, Laurence Papinaud2, Mark C Gillies3, Caroline Domerg2, Nicolas Nagot4, Sandy Lacombe5, Jean Pierre Daures5, Isabelle Carriere6, Max Villain7. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France3Inserm, Montpellier, France. 2. Echelon Régional du Service Médical du Languedoc-Roussillon, Biostatistics Department, Montpellier, France. 3. The Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 4. Department of Medical Information, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France. 5. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France. 6. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France3Inserm, Montpellier, France. 7. Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) often results in severe visual impairment. In clinical studies, an intracameral cefuroxime injection at the end of surgery was found to be effective at reducing the incidence of POE. Two important issues are the retinal safety of cefuroxime and its use for patients with perioperative capsular rupture where the risk of POE is dramatically increased. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and retinal safety of an intracameral injection of cefuroxime sodium for the prevention of POE and its possible use in cases of a perioperative capsular rupture of the lens. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Population-based cohort study of patients 40 years of age or older who underwent cataract surgery at 1 of 1546 French health care facilities, public or private, and whose medical records were obtained from the national administrative database. Data analyses were performed between March and November 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The effectiveness and safety of the prophylactic injection of cefuroxime as measured by the incidence of POE and cystoid macular edema. RESULTS: From January 2010 to October 2014, a total of 3 351 401 eyes of 2 434 008 patients 40 years of age or older (58.9% were women, and the mean [SD] age was 73.9 [9.5] years) underwent cataract surgery; 1941 patients (0.08%) developed POE during the 6 weeks after cataract surgery. The incidence of POE after cataract surgery decreased over the course of the study (0.11%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.06%, and 0.05% in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively [P = .001 for trend]) as the use of cefuroxime prophylactic injections increased (11.1%, 14.4%, 32.8%, 64.8%, and 79.1% in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively [P = .001 for trend]). After multivariate adjustment, the risk of POE was reduced with the use of cefuroxime (odds ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.56-0.68]). The retinal safety of an injection of cefuroxime, which was assessed by multiadjusted odds of retinal cystoid macular edema, was not increased for patients receiving cefuroxime injections (odds ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.71-1.05]). For patients with a perioperative capsular rupture of the lens (the major risk factor for POE), the incidence of POE was lower for those who received an injection of cefuroxime than for those who did not (0.37% vs 0.51%, respectively [P = .001]), whereas an increased risk of cystoid macular edema was not identified for those who received or did not receive an injection of cefuroxime (5.6% vs 7.3%, respectively [P = .12]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These data suggest that, in routine practice, the intracameral injection of cefuroxime at the conclusion of cataract surgery is associated with a lower risk of POE and is safe for patients with or without a perioperative capsular rupture. While these data might be used to support the consideration of its routine use to prevent POE, in the absence of a randomized clinical trial, they cannot prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the injection of cefuroxime and POE.
IMPORTANCE: Postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) often results in severe visual impairment. In clinical studies, an intracameral cefuroxime injection at the end of surgery was found to be effective at reducing the incidence of POE. Two important issues are the retinal safety of cefuroxime and its use for patients with perioperative capsular rupture where the risk of POE is dramatically increased. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and retinal safety of an intracameral injection of cefuroxime sodium for the prevention of POE and its possible use in cases of a perioperative capsular rupture of the lens. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Population-based cohort study of patients 40 years of age or older who underwent cataract surgery at 1 of 1546 French health care facilities, public or private, and whose medical records were obtained from the national administrative database. Data analyses were performed between March and November 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The effectiveness and safety of the prophylactic injection of cefuroxime as measured by the incidence of POE and cystoid macular edema. RESULTS: From January 2010 to October 2014, a total of 3 351 401 eyes of 2 434 008 patients 40 years of age or older (58.9% were women, and the mean [SD] age was 73.9 [9.5] years) underwent cataract surgery; 1941 patients (0.08%) developed POE during the 6 weeks after cataract surgery. The incidence of POE after cataract surgery decreased over the course of the study (0.11%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.06%, and 0.05% in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively [P = .001 for trend]) as the use of cefuroxime prophylactic injections increased (11.1%, 14.4%, 32.8%, 64.8%, and 79.1% in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, respectively [P = .001 for trend]). After multivariate adjustment, the risk of POE was reduced with the use of cefuroxime (odds ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.56-0.68]). The retinal safety of an injection of cefuroxime, which was assessed by multiadjusted odds of retinal cystoid macular edema, was not increased for patients receiving cefuroxime injections (odds ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.71-1.05]). For patients with a perioperative capsular rupture of the lens (the major risk factor for POE), the incidence of POE was lower for those who received an injection of cefuroxime than for those who did not (0.37% vs 0.51%, respectively [P = .001]), whereas an increased risk of cystoid macular edema was not identified for those who received or did not receive an injection of cefuroxime (5.6% vs 7.3%, respectively [P = .12]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These data suggest that, in routine practice, the intracameral injection of cefuroxime at the conclusion of cataract surgery is associated with a lower risk of POE and is safe for patients with or without a perioperative capsular rupture. While these data might be used to support the consideration of its routine use to prevent POE, in the absence of a randomized clinical trial, they cannot prove a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the injection of cefuroxime and POE.
Authors: Friederike Schaub; Werner Adler; Philip Enders; Meike C Koenig; Konrad R Koch; Claus Cursiefen; Bernd Kirchhof; Ludwig M Heindl Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Date: 2018-03-21 Impact factor: 3.117
Authors: Randy C Bowen; Andrew Xingyu Zhou; Sailaja Bondalapati; Thomas W Lawyer; Karisa B Snow; Patrick R Evans; Tyler Bardsley; Mary McFarland; Matthew Kliethermes; Dallas Shi; Christina A Mamalis; Tom Greene; Christopher J Rudnisky; Balamurali Krishna Ambati Journal: Br J Ophthalmol Date: 2018-01-11 Impact factor: 4.638
Authors: Viet Q Chau; Jiaxin Hu; Xin Gong; John D Hulleman; Rafael L Ufret-Vincenty; Frank Rigo; Thahza P Prakash; David R Corey; V Vinod Mootha Journal: Nucleic Acid Ther Date: 2020-03-23 Impact factor: 5.486