DNA vaccination based on pyolysin co-immunized with IL-1β enhances host antibacterial immunity against Trueperella pyogenes infection.

Trueperella pyogenes is a commensal and opportunistic pathogen normally causes mastitis, liver abscesses and pneumonia of economically important livestock. To date, no specific control measure was reported to prevent T. pyogenes infections. In this study, we first constructed a recombinant plasmid pVAX1-PLO based on the main virulent factor pyolysin gene as DNA vaccine against T. pyogenes infection. Subsequently, transient expression of pVAX1-PLO and pcDNA3.1/V5-fIL-1β were identified in Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) by immunofluorescence assay. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in mice to compare the immunogenicity between different immunized groups. The results showed that the successful expression of PLO or fIL-1β protein was detected by confocal microscopy for cells transfected with plasmid pVAX1-PLO and/or pcDNA3.1/V5-fIL-1β. The mice immunized with pVAX1-PLO elicited a higher titer of PLO-specific antibody than the control group. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly increased in the pVAX1-PLO immunized mice, while the expression level of IL-4 was slightly increased but not significant. These findings suggested that the DNA vaccine pVAX1-PLO can primarily induce Th1 immune response. The residual Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) from the liver and peritoneal fluid were decreased obviously in the pVAX1-PLO treated mice compared with the control. Importantly, co-immunization with pcDNA3.1/V5-fIL-1β and pVAX1-PLO could enhance host humoral and cellular immune responses and significantly protect mouse from T. pyogenes infection. In conclusion, our study provides a promising strategy against T. pyogenes infections and implies the potential clinical application of combined DNA vaccines in diseases control.