Davide Grassi1, Valentina Socci, Daniela Tempesta, Claudio Ferri, Luigi De Gennaro, Giovambattista Desideri, Michele Ferrara. 1. aDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila bDepartment of Psychology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome cDepartment of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy *Davide Grassi and Valentina Socci contributed equally to the writing of this article.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sleep deprivation is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cocoa flavonoids exert cardiovascular benefits and neuroprotection. Whether chocolate consumption may mitigate detrimental effects of sleep loss on cognitive performance and cardiovascular parameters has never been studied. AIM: We investigated the effects of flavanol-rich chocolate consumption on cognitive skills and cardiovascular parameters after sleep deprivation. METHODS:Thirty-two healthy participants underwent two baseline sessions after one night of undisturbed sleep and two experimental sessions after one night of total sleep deprivation. Two hours before each testing session, participants were randomly assigned to consume high or poor flavanol chocolate bars. During the tests were evaluated, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task and a working memory task, office SBP and DBP, flow-mediated dilation and pulse-wave velocity. RESULTS:Sleep deprivation increased SBP/DBP. SBP/DBP and pulse pressure were lower after flavanol-rich treatment respect to flavanol-poor treatment (SBP: 116.9 ± 1.6 vs. 120.8 ± 1.9 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.00005; DBP: 70.5 ± 1.2 vs. 72.3 ± 1.2 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.01; pulse pressure: 46.4 ± 1.3 vs. 48.4 ± 1.5 mmHg, P = 0.004). Sleep deprivation impaired flow-mediated dilation (5.5 ± 0.5 vs. 6.5 ± 0.6%, P = 0.02), flavanol-rich, but not flavanol-poor chocolate counteracted this alteration (flavanol-rich/flavanol-poor chocolate: 7.0 ± 0.6 vs. 5.0 ± 0.4%, P = 0.000001). Flavanol-rich chocolate mitigated the pulse-wave velocity increase (P = 0.001). Flavanol-rich chocolate preserved working memory accuracy in women after sleep deprivation. Flow-mediated dilation correlated with working memory performance accuracy in the sleep condition (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION:Flavanol-rich chocolate counteracted vascular impairment after sleep deprivation and restored working memory performance. Improvement in cognitive performance could be because of the effects of cocoa flavonoids on blood pressure and peripheral and central blood flow.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND:Sleep deprivation is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cocoa flavonoids exert cardiovascular benefits and neuroprotection. Whether chocolate consumption may mitigate detrimental effects of sleep loss on cognitive performance and cardiovascular parameters has never been studied. AIM: We investigated the effects of flavanol-richchocolate consumption on cognitive skills and cardiovascular parameters after sleep deprivation. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy participants underwent two baseline sessions after one night of undisturbed sleep and two experimental sessions after one night of total sleep deprivation. Two hours before each testing session, participants were randomly assigned to consume high or poor flavanolchocolate bars. During the tests were evaluated, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task and a working memory task, office SBP and DBP, flow-mediated dilation and pulse-wave velocity. RESULTS:Sleep deprivation increased SBP/DBP. SBP/DBP and pulse pressure were lower after flavanol-rich treatment respect to flavanol-poor treatment (SBP: 116.9 ± 1.6 vs. 120.8 ± 1.9 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.00005; DBP: 70.5 ± 1.2 vs. 72.3 ± 1.2 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.01; pulse pressure: 46.4 ± 1.3 vs. 48.4 ± 1.5 mmHg, P = 0.004). Sleep deprivation impaired flow-mediated dilation (5.5 ± 0.5 vs. 6.5 ± 0.6%, P = 0.02), flavanol-rich, but not flavanol-poor chocolate counteracted this alteration (flavanol-rich/flavanol-poor chocolate: 7.0 ± 0.6 vs. 5.0 ± 0.4%, P = 0.000001). Flavanol-richchocolate mitigated the pulse-wave velocity increase (P = 0.001). Flavanol-richchocolate preserved working memory accuracy in women after sleep deprivation. Flow-mediated dilation correlated with working memory performance accuracy in the sleep condition (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION:Flavanol-richchocolate counteracted vascular impairment after sleep deprivation and restored working memory performance. Improvement in cognitive performance could be because of the effects of cocoaflavonoids on blood pressure and peripheral and central blood flow.
Authors: Tess De Bruyne; Bieke Steenput; Lynn Roth; Guido R Y De Meyer; Claudia Nunes Dos Santos; Kateřina Valentová; Maija Dambrova; Nina Hermans Journal: Nutrients Date: 2019-03-08 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Jose A Maderuelo-Fernandez; Jose I Recio-Rodriguez; Irene A Garcia-Yu; Luis Garcia-Ortiz; Manuel A Gómez-Marcos; Rosario Alonso-Dominguez; Jesus Gonzalez-Sanchez; Sara Mora-Simon; Susana González-Manzano; Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2018-12-14 Impact factor: 2.692