Sulggi A Lee1, Joel A Mefford, Yong Huang, John S Witte, Jeffrey N Martin, David W Haas, Paul J Mclaren, Taisei Mushiroda, Michiaki Kubo, Helen Byakwaga, Peter W Hunt, Deanna L Kroetz. 1. aDepartment of Medicine bDepartment of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California cDepartment of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine dDepartment of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA eDepartment of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland fRIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan gDepartment of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, a biomarker of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO) activity, is a strong independent predictor of mortality in HIV-infected Ugandans initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may play a key role in HIV pathogenesis. We performed a genome-wide study to identify potential host genetic determinants of kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in HIV-infected ART-suppressed Ugandans. DESIGN/ METHODS: We performed genome-wide and exome array genotyping and measured plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio during the initial 6-12 months of suppressive ART in Ugandans. We evaluated more than 16 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in association with log10 kynurenine/tryptophan ratio using linear mixed models adjusted for cohort, sex, pregnancy, and ancestry. RESULTS: Among 597 Ugandans, 62% were woman, median age was 35, median baseline CD4 cell count was 135 cells/μl, and median baseline HIV-1 RNA was 5.1 log10 copies/ml. Several polymorphisms in candidate genes TNF, IFNGR1, and TLR4 were associated with log10 kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (P < 5.0 × 10). An intergenic polymorphism between CSPG5 and ELP6 was genome-wide significant, whereas several others exhibited suggestive associations (P < 5.0 × 10), including genes encoding protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPRM and PTPRN2) and the vitamin D metabolism gene, CYP24A1. Several of these single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with markers of inflammation, coagulation, and monocyte activation, but did not replicate in a small US cohort (N = 262; 33% African-American). CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight a potentially important role of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and Toll-like receptor signaling in determining IDO activity and subsequent mortality risk in HIV-infected ART-suppressed Ugandans. These results also identify potential novel pathways involved in IDO immunoregulation. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in treated HIV-infected populations.
OBJECTIVE: Plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, a biomarker of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO) activity, is a strong independent predictor of mortality in HIV-infected Ugandans initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may play a key role in HIV pathogenesis. We performed a genome-wide study to identify potential host genetic determinants of kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in HIV-infected ART-suppressed Ugandans. DESIGN/ METHODS: We performed genome-wide and exome array genotyping and measured plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio during the initial 6-12 months of suppressive ART in Ugandans. We evaluated more than 16 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in association with log10 kynurenine/tryptophan ratio using linear mixed models adjusted for cohort, sex, pregnancy, and ancestry. RESULTS: Among 597 Ugandans, 62% were woman, median age was 35, median baseline CD4 cell count was 135 cells/μl, and median baseline HIV-1 RNA was 5.1 log10 copies/ml. Several polymorphisms in candidate genes TNF, IFNGR1, and TLR4 were associated with log10 kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (P < 5.0 × 10). An intergenic polymorphism between CSPG5 and ELP6 was genome-wide significant, whereas several others exhibited suggestive associations (P < 5.0 × 10), including genes encoding protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPRM and PTPRN2) and the vitamin D metabolism gene, CYP24A1. Several of these single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with markers of inflammation, coagulation, and monocyte activation, but did not replicate in a small US cohort (N = 262; 33% African-American). CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight a potentially important role of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and Toll-like receptor signaling in determining IDO activity and subsequent mortality risk in HIV-infected ART-suppressed Ugandans. These results also identify potential novel pathways involved in IDO immunoregulation. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in treated HIV-infected populations.
Authors: Peter W Hunt; Elizabeth Sinclair; Benigno Rodriguez; Carey Shive; Brian Clagett; Nicholas Funderburg; Janet Robinson; Yong Huang; Lorrie Epling; Jeffrey N Martin; Steven G Deeks; Curtis L Meinert; Mark L Van Natta; Douglas A Jabs; Michael M Lederman Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2014-04-21 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: A Carbone; A Gloghini; L M Larocca; D Capello; F Pierconti; V Canzonieri; U Tirelli; R Dalla-Favera; G Gaidano Journal: Blood Date: 2001-02-01 Impact factor: 22.113
Authors: Helen Byakwaga; Peter W Hunt; Miriam Laker-Oketta; David V Glidden; Yong Huang; Bosco M Bwana; A Rain Mocello; John Bennett; Victoria Walusansa; Sheila C Dollard; David R Bangsberg; Edward K Mbidde; Jeffrey N Martin Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2015-11-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Stephanie Shiau; Alexis A Bender; Jane A O'Halloran; Erin Sundermann; Juhi Aggarwal; Keri N Althoff; Jason V Baker; Steven Deeks; Linda P Fried; Stephen Karpiak; Maile Y Karris; Thomas D Marcotte; Jean B Nachega; Joseph B Margolick; Kristine M Erlandson; David J Moore Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2020-09-23 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: Sulggi Lee; Helen Byakwaga; Yap Boum; Tricia H Burdo; Kenneth C Williams; Michael M Lederman; Yong Huang; Russell P Tracy; Huyen Cao; Jessica E Haberer; Annet Kembabazi; David R Bangsberg; Jeffrey N Martin; Peter W Hunt Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2017-04-15 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Jonathan L Chang; Sulggi A Lee; Alexander C Tsai; Nicholas Musinguzi; Conrad Muzoora; Bosco Bwana; Yap Boum; Jessica E Haberer; Peter W Hunt; Jeff Martin; David R Bangsberg; Deanna L Kroetz; Mark J Siedner Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2018-08-15 Impact factor: 2.205
Authors: Sergei Spitsin; Vasiliki Pappa; Annemarie Kinder; Dwight L Evans; Jay Rappaport; Steven D Douglas Journal: Medicine (Baltimore) Date: 2021-06-11 Impact factor: 1.817