Jamie McDonald1, Jennifer Graves1, Amy Waldman2, Timothy Lotze3, Teri Schreiner4, Anita Belman5, Benjamin Greenberg6, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman7, Gregory Aaen8, Jan-Mendelt Tillema9, Janace Hart1, Sabeen Lulu1, Jayne Ness10, Yolanda Harris10, Jennifer Rubin11, Meghan Candee12, Lauren B Krupp5, Mark Gorman13, Leslie Benson13, Moses Rodriguez9, Tanuja Chitnis14, Soe Mar15, Lisa F Barcellos16, Barbara Laraia17, John Rose18, Shelly Roalstad12, Timothy Simmons12, T Charles Casper12, Emmanuelle Waubant19. 1. UCSF Regional Pediatric MS Center, San Francisco, CA, United States. 2. Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States. 3. Department of Neurology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States. 4. Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States. 5. Lourie Center for Pediatric MS, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States. 6. Department of Neurology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, United States. 7. The Pediatric MS Center at the Jacobs Neurological Institute, SUNY Buffalo, NY, United States. 8. Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States. 9. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States. 10. Alabama Pediatric MS Center, Birmingham, AL, United States. 11. Department of Pediatric Neurology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States. 12. Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States. 13. Pediatric MS and Related Disorders Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States. 14. Partners Pediatric MS Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States. 15. Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States. 16. School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States. 17. School of Public Health, Public Health Nutrition, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States. 18. Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States. 19. UCSF Regional Pediatric MS Center, San Francisco, CA, United States. Electronic address: emmanuelle.waubant@ucsf.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: High salt intake may be associated with pro-inflammatory changes in the immune response, and increased clinical and MRI activity in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if dietary salt intake is associated with pediatric-onset MS risk in a multicenter, case-control study. METHODS: Pediatric-onset CIS/MS cases within four years of onset and controls less than 22 years old recruited from 14 pediatric-MS centers were studied. Dietary sodium intake was assessed using the validated Block Kids Food Screener (NutritionQuest). Sodium intake, excess sodium, and sodium terciles were compared between cases and controls. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Among 170 cases (mean age=15.2±3.5) and 331 controls (mean age=14.0±3.7), no significant difference in unadjusted mean sodium intake was found between cases (2044mg/d) and controls (2030mg/d, p=0.99). The proportion of subjects consuming excess sodium, based on the adequate intake for age and gender, was similar between cases and controls (65% versus 69%, p=0.34). There were no increased odds of higher sodium intake among cases as compared to controls (for each 100mg/d increase in sodium, OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.98, 1.02; p=0.93, for excess sodium intake, OR=1.05, 95% CI 0.67, 1.64; p=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show no strong association between dietary salt intake and pediatric-onset MS risk, suggesting that salt intake may not play a prominent role in susceptibility to MS in children.
BACKGROUND: High salt intake may be associated with pro-inflammatory changes in the immune response, and increased clinical and MRI activity in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if dietary salt intake is associated with pediatric-onset MS risk in a multicenter, case-control study. METHODS: Pediatric-onset CIS/MS cases within four years of onset and controls less than 22 years old recruited from 14 pediatric-MS centers were studied. Dietary sodium intake was assessed using the validated Block Kids Food Screener (NutritionQuest). Sodium intake, excess sodium, and sodium terciles were compared between cases and controls. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Among 170 cases (mean age=15.2±3.5) and 331 controls (mean age=14.0±3.7), no significant difference in unadjusted mean sodium intake was found between cases (2044mg/d) and controls (2030mg/d, p=0.99). The proportion of subjects consuming excess sodium, based on the adequate intake for age and gender, was similar between cases and controls (65% versus 69%, p=0.34). There were no increased odds of higher sodium intake among cases as compared to controls (for each 100mg/d increase in sodium, OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.98, 1.02; p=0.93, for excess sodium intake, OR=1.05, 95% CI 0.67, 1.64; p=0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show no strong association between dietary salt intake and pediatric-onset MS risk, suggesting that salt intake may not play a prominent role in susceptibility to MS in children.
Authors: Katherine J Overwyk; Zerleen S Quader; Joyce Maalouf; Marlana Bates; Jacqui Webster; Mary G George; Robert K Merritt; Mary E Cogswell Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2020-09-01 Impact factor: 8.701
Authors: Theresa Bourne; Michael Waltz; T C Casper; K Kavak; G Aaen; A Belman; L Benson; M Candee; T Chitnis; J Graves; B Greenberg; M Gorman; Y Harris; L Krupp; T Lotze; S Mar; J Ness; C Olsen; S Roalstad; M Rodriguez; J Rose; J Rubin; T Schreiner; J M Tillema; I Kahn; A Waldman; L Barcellos; E Waubant; B Weinstock-Guttman Journal: J Neurol Sci Date: 2017-02-20 Impact factor: 3.181
Authors: Kathryn C Fitzgerald; Kassandra L Munger; Hans-Peter Hartung; Mark S Freedman; Xavier Montalbán; Gilles Edan; Eva-Maria Wicklein; Ernst-Wilhelm Radue; Ludwig Kappos; Christoph Pohl; Alberto Ascherio Journal: Ann Neurol Date: 2017-07 Impact factor: 10.422
Authors: Milena A Gianfrancesco; Pernilla Stridh; Brooke Rhead; Xiaorong Shao; Edison Xu; Jennifer S Graves; Tanuja Chitnis; Amy Waldman; Timothy Lotze; Teri Schreiner; Anita Belman; Benjamin Greenberg; Bianca Weinstock-Guttman; Gregory Aaen; Jan M Tillema; Janace Hart; Stacy Caillier; Jayne Ness; Yolanda Harris; Jennifer Rubin; Meghan Candee; Lauren Krupp; Mark Gorman; Leslie Benson; Moses Rodriguez; Soe Mar; Ilana Kahn; John Rose; Shelly Roalstad; T Charles Casper; Ling Shen; Hong Quach; Diana Quach; Jan Hillert; Maria Bäärnhielm; Anna Hedstrom; Tomas Olsson; Ingrid Kockum; Lars Alfredsson; Catherine Metayer; Catherine Schaefer; Lisa F Barcellos; Emmanuelle Waubant Journal: Neurology Date: 2017-03-29 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: JoAnne Arcand; Michelle M Y Wong; Joseph Alvin Santos; Alexander A Leung; Kathy Trieu; Sudhir Raj Thout; Jacqui Webster; Norm R C Campbell Journal: J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) Date: 2017-08 Impact factor: 3.738
Authors: John Michael S Sanchez; Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva; Jane E Libbey; Robert S Fujinami Journal: Clin Immunol Date: 2020-03-07 Impact factor: 3.969