Marie Evans1, Juan-Jesus Carrero2, Karolina Szummer3, Axel Åkerblom4, Robert Edfors3, Jonas Spaak5, Stefan H Jacobson5, Pontus Andell6, Lars Lindhagen7, Tomas Jernberg3. 1. Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: marie.evans@ki.se. 2. Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 3. Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Section of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden. 5. Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 6. Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 7. Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is no consensus whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) should be used for secondary prevention in all or in only high-risk patients after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate whether ACEI/ARB treatment after AMI is associated with better outcomes across different risk profiles, including the entire spectrum of estimated glomerular filtration rates. METHODS: This study evaluated discharge and continuous follow-up data on ACEI/ARB use among AMI survivors (2006 to 2009) included in a large Swedish registry. The association between ACEI/ARB treatment and outcomes (mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute kidney injury [AKI]) was studied using Cox proportional hazards models (intention-to-treat and as treated). RESULTS: In total, 45,697 patients (71%) were treated with ACEI/ARB. The 3-year mortality was 19.8% (17.4% of ACEI/ARB users and 25.4% of nonusers). In adjusted analysis, significantly better survival was observed for patients treated with ACEI/ARB (3-year hazard ratio: 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.77 to 0.83). The survival benefit was consistent through all kidney function strata, including dialysis patients. Overall, those treated with ACEI/ARB also had lower 3-year risk for myocardial infarction (hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 0.95), whereas treatment had no significant effect on stroke risk. The crude risk for AKI was in general low (2.5% and 2.0% for treated and nontreated, respectively) and similar across estimated glomerular filtration rate categories but was significantly higher with ACEI/ARB treatment. However, the composite outcome of AKI and mortality favored ACEI/ARB treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with ACEI/ARB after AMI was associated with improved long-term survival, regardless of underlying renal function, and was accompanied by low rates of adverse renal events.
BACKGROUND: There is no consensus whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) should be used for secondary prevention in all or in only high-risk patients after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate whether ACEI/ARB treatment after AMI is associated with better outcomes across different risk profiles, including the entire spectrum of estimated glomerular filtration rates. METHODS: This study evaluated discharge and continuous follow-up data on ACEI/ARB use among AMI survivors (2006 to 2009) included in a large Swedish registry. The association between ACEI/ARB treatment and outcomes (mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and acute kidney injury [AKI]) was studied using Cox proportional hazards models (intention-to-treat and as treated). RESULTS: In total, 45,697 patients (71%) were treated with ACEI/ARB. The 3-year mortality was 19.8% (17.4% of ACEI/ARB users and 25.4% of nonusers). In adjusted analysis, significantly better survival was observed for patients treated with ACEI/ARB (3-year hazard ratio: 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.77 to 0.83). The survival benefit was consistent through all kidney function strata, including dialysis patients. Overall, those treated with ACEI/ARB also had lower 3-year risk for myocardial infarction (hazard ratio: 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.87 to 0.95), whereas treatment had no significant effect on stroke risk. The crude risk for AKI was in general low (2.5% and 2.0% for treated and nontreated, respectively) and similar across estimated glomerular filtration rate categories but was significantly higher with ACEI/ARB treatment. However, the composite outcome of AKI and mortality favored ACEI/ARB treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with ACEI/ARB after AMI was associated with improved long-term survival, regardless of underlying renal function, and was accompanied by low rates of adverse renal events.
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