Geographic variation in mycangial communities of Xyleborus glabratus.

Factors that influence fungal communities in ambrosia beetle mycangia are poorly understood. The beetle that is responsible for spreading laurel wilt in SE USA, Xyleborus glabratrus, was examined at three sites along a 500 km N-S transect in Florida, each populated by host trees in the Lauraceae. Fungal phenotypes were quantified in mycangia of individual females that were collected from a site in Miami-Dade County (MDC), 25.8N, with swamp bay (Persea palustris), one in Highlands County (HC), 27.9N, with silkbay (P. humulis) and swamp bay and another in Alachua County (AC), 29.8N, with redbay (P. borbonia). Based on combined LSU, SSU and beta-tubulin datasets the most prominent phenotypes were Raffaelea lauricola (cause of laurel wilt), R. subalba, R. subfusca, R. fusca, R. arxii and an undescribed Raffaelea sp. Mean numbers of colony forming units (CFUs) of R. lauricola varied by location (P < 0.003), and a multivariate analysis, which accounted for the presence and relative abundance of fungal species, indicated that there were significant variations in mycangial communities among the sites; thus climate and vegetation might have affected fungal diversity and the relative abundance of these fungi in the mycangia of X. glabratus Statistically it was unlikely that any of the species influenced the presence and prevalence of another species.