Patient involvement in decision-making in surgical and orthopaedic practice: the Project Perioperative Risk.

As part of the Project Perioperative Risk (PROPER), which is a clinical and epidemiological study of surgical complications, patient involvement in the decision to operate was evaluated by means of a questionnaire. The sample of 666 patients, on the waiting list for an operation, received a questionnaire on a broad range of issues concerning their involvement in the decision-making process one week before the operation. The results show that 41% regarded the decision to have an operation as a joint patient-doctor decision, in 29% of the cases the doctor advocated an operation and in 8% the patient asked to be operated. A clear majority, 73% felt involved in the decision-making as much as they wished. Two groups--women and immigrants from non-European countries--were least satisfied with their involvement and they also found the decision more difficult to make. In the discussion, it is argued that the comparatively high degree of patient satisfaction with involvement in the decision-making process cannot be taken as evidence of a high level of influence in an absolute sense. In a normative perspective--and considering the fact that the increased responsibility of the health sector is aimed at involving patients in decision-making in health matters--patient satisfaction can just as well be understood as resulting from low expectations with respect to one's own influence. The results also indicate that patient's information needs when facing surgery relate to three issues; possible complications, precise nature of the operation as such, and nature and consequences of anaesthetic procedures.