Use your antibiotics wisely. Consequences to the intestinal microbiome.

Antibiotic therapy has long term consequences in the intestinal microbiome. Clostridium difficile has a well-known role in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, but in addition, persistent infection with this organism may increase the risk for developing inflammatory bowel disease. Here, recent literature on how the intestinal microbiome is altered by antibiotic therapy is presented. © FEMS 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.