Amino acid profiling as a method of discovering biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer.

Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality in the world and its early detection significantly increases chances of patients' survival. High cancer mortality rate is caused mainly by late-stage diagnosis and lack of non-invasive and reliable methods for early diagnosis, such as plasma biomarkers. The incidence of cancers in the world still grows so it is crucial to develop a new, faster, high specificity and more sensitive diagnostic technologies. Several recent researchers indicate amino acids as a potential marker for cancer detection. An ideal cancer biomarker should be characterized by high specificity and sensitivity, reliability, ease of measurement and, what is important, ability to detect disease in its early stage. This study is focused on indicating metabolic amino acid profiling as a method of identifying biomarkers for cancer early detection and screening. Presented results are derived from the most recent studies where patients in early, often asymptomatic stages of disease constituted a large percentage of all the patients and, what is important, where researchers have observed alterations in these patients' amino acid profiles. This review is concentrated on analyzing studies on the most common cancers with high mortality rate. Inventing effective methods of early diagnosis is particularly important in case of such diseases. Research presented in this publication is focused on patients with lung, breast and colon cancer. In all analyzed cases, significant changes in the amino acid profile in cancer patients comparing to healthy controls were observed. This study indicates potential of amino acid profiling as method for early cancer detection.