Gabrielle Hofmann1,2, Laura Balgooyen1,3, Joanna Mattis4,5, Karl Deisseroth4,5, Paul S Buckmaster1,6. 1. Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A. 2. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. 3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A. 4. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A. 5. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A. 6. Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, seizures usually start in the hippocampus, and dentate granule cells are hyperexcitable. Somatostatin interneurons are a major subpopulation of inhibitory neurons in the dentate gyrus, and many are lost in patients and animal models. However, surviving somatostatin interneurons sprout axon collaterals and form new synapses, so the net effect on granule cell inhibition remains unclear. METHODS: The present study uses optogenetics to activate hilar somatostatin interneurons and measure the inhibitory effect on dentate gyrus perforant path-evoked local field potential responses in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. RESULTS: In controls, light activation of hilar somatostatin interneurons inhibited evoked responses up to 40%. Epileptic pilocarpine-treated mice exhibited loss of hilar somatostatin interneurons and less light-induced inhibition of evoked responses. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that severe epilepsy-related loss of hilar somatostatin interneurons can overwhelm the surviving interneurons' capacity to compensate by sprouting axon collaterals. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
OBJECTIVE: In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, seizures usually start in the hippocampus, and dentate granule cells are hyperexcitable. Somatostatin interneurons are a major subpopulation of inhibitory neurons in the dentate gyrus, and many are lost in patients and animal models. However, surviving somatostatin interneurons sprout axon collaterals and form new synapses, so the net effect on granule cell inhibition remains unclear. METHODS: The present study uses optogenetics to activate hilar somatostatin interneurons and measure the inhibitory effect on dentate gyrus perforant path-evoked local field potential responses in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. RESULTS: In controls, light activation of hilar somatostatin interneurons inhibited evoked responses up to 40%. Epilepticpilocarpine-treated mice exhibited loss of hilar somatostatin interneurons and less light-induced inhibition of evoked responses. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that severe epilepsy-related loss of hilar somatostatin interneurons can overwhelm the surviving interneurons' capacity to compensate by sprouting axon collaterals. Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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