The complete mitochondrial genome of Gastrothylax crumenifer (Gastrothylacidae, Trematoda) and comparative analyses with selected trematodes.

In the present study, we sequenced and analyzed the mitochondrial (mt) genome of Gastrothylax crumenifer and compared it with other selected trematodes. The full mt genome of G. crumenifer was amplified, sequenced, assembled, analyzed and then subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The complete mt genome of G. crumenifer is 14,801 bp in length and contains two rRNA genes, two non-coding regions (LNR and SNR), 12 protein-coding genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The gene organization of the G. crumenifer mt genome is the same as that of other trematodes, except for Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma spindale. All the genes are transcribed in the same direction and rich in "A + T", which is in accordance with other trematodes, such as Fasciola hepatica, Paramphistomum cervi, and Fischoederius elongatus. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated amino acid sequences of the 12 protein-coding genes showed that G. crumenifer is closely related to F. elongatus. The availability of mt genome sequence of G. crumenifer can provide useful DNA markers for studying the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of this parasite and other paramphistomes.