| Literature DB >> 27019871 |
Maria Guillamot1, Luisa Cimmino1, Iannis Aifantis1.
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is a characteristic feature of cancer including blood malignancies. Mutations in the DNA methylation regulators DNMT3A, TET1/2 and IDH1/2 are recurrent in leukemia and lymphoma. Specific and distinct DNA methylation patterns characterize subtypes of AML and lymphoma. Regulatory regions such as promoter CpG islands, CpG shores and enhancers show changes in methylation during transformation. However, the reported poor correlation between changes in methylation and gene expression in many mouse models and human studies reflects the complexity in the precise molecular mechanism for why aberrant DNA methylation promotes malignancies. This review will summarize current concepts regarding the mechanisms behind aberrant DNA methylation in hematopoietic malignancy and discuss its importance in cancer prognosis, tumor heterogeneity and relapse.Entities:
Keywords: DNA methylation; epigenetics; leukemia; lymphoma
Year: 2016 PMID: 27019871 PMCID: PMC4806338 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.006
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Trends Cancer ISSN: 2405-8025