BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: More and more chest physicians chose video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) to treat early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent years, there is still lack of a random trial comparing the clinical outcomes of VATS and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in treating NSCLC. To provide a reference for the choice between VATS and SBRT, in the current meta-analysis, we compared the clinical outcomes of these two therapies in treating NSCLC. METHODS: Five major medical databases, CNKI, CPVIP (http://www.cqvip.com/), PubMed, Embase, and ISI web of science were systematically searched to identify all studies from January 2010 to February 2016 on VATS and SBRT therapies. Finally, original English or Chinese publications of stage I and II NSCLC with adequate patients and adequate SBRT doses were enrolled. A multivariate random effects model was used to perform a meta-analysis to compare overall survival and disease free survival between VATS and SBRT while adjusting for median age and operable patient numbers. RESULTS: Fourteen VATS studies (included 3,482 patients) and nineteen SBRT studies (included 3,997 patients) published in the same period were eligible. The median age and follow-up duration were 64 years and 43.4 months for VATS patients and 74 years and 29.5 months for SBRT patients, respectively. The mean unadjusted overall survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years with VATS were 93.5%, 84.9%, 77.0% and 76.3% compared to 89.0% 73.3% 59.0% and 36.7% with SBRT. The mean unadjusted disease free survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years with VATS were 93.6%, 88.6%, 85.6% and 75.6% compared to 79.3%, 72.1%, 64.9% and 58.9% with SBRT. While, after adjusted for proportion of operable patients and median age, the estimate overall survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years with VATS were 94%, 92%, 84% and 71% compared to 98%, 95%, 87% and 83% with SBRT. And the estimate disease free survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years with VATS were 97%, 94%, 85% and 75% compared to 88%, 81%, 74% and 63% with SBRT. CONCLUSION: Before adjustment, the SBRT group showed worse clinical outcomes (overall survival and disease free survival) than VATS group. When take consider of median age and operability, the patients with SBRT differ substantially from patients treated with VATS. After adjustment of median age and operability, there are no significant differences between these two therapy in treating NSCLC.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: More and more chest physicians chose video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) to treat early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent years, there is still lack of a random trial comparing the clinical outcomes of VATS and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in treating NSCLC. To provide a reference for the choice between VATS and SBRT, in the current meta-analysis, we compared the clinical outcomes of these two therapies in treating NSCLC. METHODS: Five major medical databases, CNKI, CPVIP (http://www.cqvip.com/), PubMed, Embase, and ISI web of science were systematically searched to identify all studies from January 2010 to February 2016 on VATS and SBRT therapies. Finally, original English or Chinese publications of stage I and II NSCLC with adequate patients and adequate SBRT doses were enrolled. A multivariate random effects model was used to perform a meta-analysis to compare overall survival and disease free survival between VATS and SBRT while adjusting for median age and operable patient numbers. RESULTS: Fourteen VATS studies (included 3,482 patients) and nineteen SBRT studies (included 3,997 patients) published in the same period were eligible. The median age and follow-up duration were 64 years and 43.4 months for VATS patients and 74 years and 29.5 months for SBRT patients, respectively. The mean unadjusted overall survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years with VATS were 93.5%, 84.9%, 77.0% and 76.3% compared to 89.0% 73.3% 59.0% and 36.7% with SBRT. The mean unadjusted disease free survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years with VATS were 93.6%, 88.6%, 85.6% and 75.6% compared to 79.3%, 72.1%, 64.9% and 58.9% with SBRT. While, after adjusted for proportion of operable patients and median age, the estimate overall survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years with VATS were 94%, 92%, 84% and 71% compared to 98%, 95%, 87% and 83% with SBRT. And the estimate disease free survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years with VATS were 97%, 94%, 85% and 75% compared to 88%, 81%, 74% and 63% with SBRT. CONCLUSION: Before adjustment, the SBRT group showed worse clinical outcomes (overall survival and disease free survival) than VATS group. When take consider of median age and operability, the patients with SBRT differ substantially from patients treated with VATS. After adjustment of median age and operability, there are no significant differences between these two therapy in treating NSCLC.
14 studies on VATS from January 2010 to February 2016 included in the current meta-analysis
Author
Pub. year
Res. type
Research year range
Total pts
Male(%)
Med.age
Sur. Pro. (ptsn)
Clinical stage
F/U(mo)
Ⅰa
Ⅰb
Ⅱa
Ⅱb
Pub.year: publication year; Res.type: research type (P: prospective; R: retrospective); Research yrr: research year range, the year range of patients who is enrolled in the study; Total pts: total patients; Med.age: median age; Sur.Pro.(ptsn): surgery procedure (patients number); F/U (mo): follow-up period (months); /: not reported or obscure; VATS: video-assisted thoracic surgery.
Kim, et al[18]
2010
R
2003-2008
436
/
/
LR (436)
248
188
13
44
> 20
Puri, et al[19]
2010
R
2000-2006
841
/
65
/
621
220
> 24
Sugi, eet al[20]
2010
R
2001-2004
139
36.2
64
LLR (43), LR (95)
128
11
> 60
Gao, et al[21]
2011
R
2006-2009
89
82
61
LR (89)
70
19
2-48
Yamashita, et al[22]
2011
R
2003-2008
109
60.6
70
LLR (38), LR (71)
83
26
/
/
> 27.5
Zhao, et al[23]
2012
P
2010-2011
46
80.4
60
LR (46)
39
7
10.2
Zhao, et al[24]
2012
P
2009-2010
36
63.9
/
/
27
9
> 36
Jiang, et al[25]
2012
R
2005-2008
160
51.9
61
LR (160)
46
83
3
10
> 60
Marty-Ané, et al[26]
2013
R
1996-2011
312
65.1
62
LR (364)
183
90
10
29
> 60
Nakano, et al[27]
2014
R
2010-2012
464
55.7
68
LR (464)
/
/
/
/
/
Murakawa, et al[28]
2015
R
2001-2010
101
51.5
69
LR (101)
51
30
18
2
60
Nwogu, et al[29]
2015
R
2004-2010
175
48
69
LR (175)
/
/
/
/
60
Zhou, et al[30]
2015
R
2006-2012
550
38
68
LR (493), LLR (57)
/
/
/
/
> 32.4
Zheng, et al[31]
2015
R
2009-2010
24
54.2
51
LR(24)
/
/
/
/
1-36
2
本篇meta分析纳入的2010年1月至2016年2月19个SBRT研究
19 studies on SBRT from January 2010 to February 2016 included in the current meta-analysis
Author
Res. type
Research year range
Total pts
Opp(%)
Male(%)
Med. age
Clinical stage
Path.(%)
Size(mm)
Dose range
BED10
F/U(mo)
Ⅰa
Ⅰb
Ⅱa
Ⅱb
Opp: operability percentage of patients with operable diseases; Path (%): percentage of disease with pathological confirmation; BED10: biological equivalent dose with α/β=10, calculated based on the linear-quadratic equation BED10=nd [1+d/(α/β)], where n and d represent the number of fractions and the dose per fraction, respectively.
Baba, et al[32]
R
2004-2008
124
32.4
67.7
77
87
37
/
/
91.9
m27
44, 48, 52
92.4, 105.6, 119.6
26(7-66)
Zhang, et al[33]
P
2006-2008
30
0
60
62
2
5
23
100
/
40-50
57.6-100
> 24
Matsuo, et al[34]
R
1998-2007
101
36.6
73.3
77
33
40
28
/
100
≤40
48
105.6
31.4
Chang, et al[35]
R
2005-2009
130
26.2
51.5
74
112
18
/
/
/
< 50
50
112.5
26
Grills, et al[10]
R
1998-2010
483
13
52
74
304
159
10
5*
64
/
20-64
132
19.6(1.2-87.6)
Zheng, et al[36]
R
2004-2008
54
/
64.8
56
/
/
/
/
100
/
50, 56
100, 134.4
> 36
Du, et al[37]
R
2007-2010
52
/
69.2
62
/
/
/
/
100
/
20-36
30-57.6
> 24
Senthi, et al[38]
R
2003-2011
676
31
61
73
/
/
/
/
/
/
54-60
105-180
32.9(14.9-50.9)
Shibamoto, et al[39]
R
2004-2008
180
33.3
68.3
77
128
52
/
/
100
12-50
44, 48, 52
92.4, 105.6, 119.6
36
Takeda, et al[40]
R
2005-2011
115
27
78
78
/
/
/
/
100
/
40-50
72-100
21.2(6-63.7)
Ren, et al[41]
R
2008-2011
20
25
75
76
7
3
2
8
100
< 30, 9; ≥30, 11
48
51-83
> 36
Badiyan, et al[42]
R
2004-2009
120
0
52
74
/
/
/
/
80.8
/
54
151.2
29
Zhang, et al[43]
R
2006-2009
52
36.5
67.3
66
22
11
13
6
100
/
48-56
64.8-154.8
> 36
Ricardi, et al[44]
R
2003-2011
196
7.7
74.5
75
155
41
/
/
/
24.8 (9-50)
45-60
100-151.2
30
Davis, et al[45]
R
2004-2014
111
15.3
53.1
69
/
/
/
/
/
22.2
37.5, 48
93.6, 105.6
17(1-72)
Davis, et al[46]
R
2004-2013
723
48
48%
76
/
/
/
/
/
/
54 (10-80)
151.2 (20-240)
12(1-87)
Kohutek, et al[47]
R
2006-2012
211
/
43.6
77
/
/
/
/
100
/
> 45
< 100 (19.2%), ≥100 (80.8%)
25.2(4.3-75.2)
Schanne, et al[48]
R
2003-2011
567
/
70.7
72
297$
223
30
/
/
37.5 (12-64)
72 (43-180)
18.8
Wu, et al[13]
R
2004-2010
52
/
55.8
61
/
/
/
/
100
/
40-50
80-100
> 36
本篇meta分析纳入的2010年1月-2016年2月14个VATS研究14 studies on VATS from January 2010 to February 2016 included in the current meta-analysis本篇meta分析纳入的2010年1月至2016年2月19个SBRT研究19 studies on SBRT from January 2010 to February 2016 included in the current meta-analysis
Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) comparison between VATS and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) group for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The figure shows a pooled presentation of 1-, 2-, 3-and 5-year OS and DFS from all studies enrolled in this meta-analysis with corresponding data available.
OS (A) and DFS (B) comparison between VATS and SBRT group in early-stage (stage Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅱa, and Ⅱb) NSCLC
VATS组和SBRT组早期非小细胞肺癌患者的总生存率和无病生存率比较。该图展示了被纳入到此meta分析中所有研究的1年、2年、3年、5年总生存率和无病生存率。Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) comparison between VATS and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) group for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The figure shows a pooled presentation of 1-, 2-, 3-and 5-year OS and DFS from all studies enrolled in this meta-analysis with corresponding data available.VATS组和SBRT组早期(Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱa、Ⅱb)NSCLC患者总生存率(A)和无病生存率(B)比较OS (A) and DFS (B) comparison between VATS and SBRT group in early-stage (stage Ⅰa, Ⅰb, Ⅱa, and Ⅱb) NSCLC
Age-dependent OS and DFS comparison in VATS and SBRT group. Estimated 1-year OS (A), 3-year OS (B), 5-year OS (C), 1-year DFS (D), 3-DFS (E), 5-DFS (F) for VATS versus SBRT by median trial age.
VATS组和SBRT组年龄依赖的总生存率和无病生存率的比较。预测的VATS组和SBRT组1年总生存率(A)、3年总生存率(B)、5年总生存率(C)、1年无病生存率(D)、3年无病生存率(E)、5年无病生存率(F)。该结果以中位年龄为基础。Age-dependent OS and DFS comparison in VATS and SBRT group. Estimated 1-year OS (A), 3-year OS (B), 5-year OS (C), 1-year DFS (D), 3-DFS (E), 5-DFS (F) for VATS versus SBRT by median trial age.14篇SBRT研究(3, 061例患者)中报道了接受SBRT治疗的患者的可手术比例,平均为23.7%(0-48%,中位数为14.2%)。平均总生存率随着可手术比例的增高而增大(P<0.05,图 5A、图 5B),可手术比例与3年、5年总生存率相应的Spearman相关系数为0.66和0.58。然而无病生存率并不存在明显的相关性(P>0.05,图 5C、图 5D)。
Operability-dependent OS and DFS comparison in VATS and SBRT group. Estimated 3-year OS (A), 5-year OS (B), 3-year DFS (C), 5-year DFS (D) for VATS versus SBRT by median trial age by proportion. Dot sizes are proportional to the number of patients in specific studies.
VATS组和SBRT组可手术性依赖的总生存率和无病生存率的比较。预测的VATS组和SBRT组3年总生存率(A)、5年总生存率(B)、3年无病生存率(C)、5年无病生存率(D)。球体大小表示相应研究中患者数量。该结果以中位年龄为基础。Operability-dependent OS and DFS comparison in VATS and SBRT group. Estimated 3-year OS (A), 5-year OS (B), 3-year DFS (C), 5-year DFS (D) for VATS versus SBRT by median trial age by proportion. Dot sizes are proportional to the number of patients in specific studies.由于这些数据的非随机化特性,因此在进行研究间比较时必须对其存在的混杂因素进行控制或校正。为此,我们必须使用文献中已报道的数据。一个普遍存在的混杂因素便是并发症,即影响患者可否进行手术的因素,也将影响最终的生存率。此外,我们还将年龄作为其中一个混杂因素,因为他——①被普遍报道;②在VATS组和SBRT组存在统计学差异;③与生存率直接相关!当我们用一个回归模型对这两个混杂因素进行校正之后,我们发现两组的生存率不再存在明显差异(HR=1.89,95%CI:0.38-9.51,P=0.44,表 3)。同时,无病生存率也不存在明显差异(HR=0.58,95%CI:0.12-2.72,P=0.49,表 3)。由拟合的回归模型,我们计算了中位年龄为70岁、可手术比例为100%时的1年、2年、3年、5年预期总生存率(表 4)。SBRT组比VATS组有较高的总生存率,但其无病生存率较VATS组低。然而,这些结果并无统计学意义。
3
多元混合效应模型中VATS组和SBRT组总生存率和无病生存率的风险比
Hazard ratio (VATS to SBRT) of overall survival and disease free survival estimates from the multivariate mixed effects model
Model
Hazard ratio
95%CI
P
Overall survival
Treatment
0.39
VATS to SBRT
1.89
0.38-9.51
0.44
Median age
1.22
1.10-1.36
0.000, 3
Percentage of operability
0.89
0.81-0.93
0.02
Disease-free survival
Treatment
0.49
VATS to SBRT
0.58
0.12-2.72
0.49
Median age
0.96
0.82-1.12
0.61
Percentage of operability
1.12
0.89-1.41
0.33
4
基于模型(中位年龄为70岁,可手术比例为100%)的总生存率和无病生存率预测
Model-based overall survival and disease free survival estimates for a trial with median age 70 and 100%
Model
Year
SBRT
VATS
Estimate
95%CI
Estimate
95%CI
Overall survival
1
0.98
0.97-0.99
0.94
0.89-0.99
2
0.95
0.90-1.00
0.92
0.85-0.99
3
0.87
0.77-0.97
0.84
0.83-0.85
5
0.83
0.71-0.95
0.71
0.63-0.79
Disease free survival
1
0.88
0.83-0.93
0.97
0.94-1.00
2
0.81
0.74-0.88
0.94
0.88-1.00
3
0.74
0.63-0.85
0.85
0.79-0.91
5
0.63
0.56-0.70
0.75
0.61-0.89
多元混合效应模型中VATS组和SBRT组总生存率和无病生存率的风险比Hazard ratio (VATS to SBRT) of overall survival and disease free survival estimates from the multivariate mixed effects model基于模型(中位年龄为70岁,可手术比例为100%)的总生存率和无病生存率预测Model-based overall survival and disease free survival estimates for a trial with median age 70 and 100%
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