Jean Michel Mansuy1, Pierre Gallian2,3, Chloé Dimeglio4,5, Karine Saune1,6, Catherine Arnaud4,5, Bertrand Pelletier2, Pascal Morel2, Dominique Legrand2, Pierre Tiberghien2,7, Jacques Izopet1,6. 1. Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Toulouse, France. 2. Etablissement Français du Sang, La Plaine-Saint-Denis, France. 3. Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, UMR_D 190 "Emergence des Pathologies Virales", Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. 4. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1027, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France. 5. Unité de soutien méthodologique à la recherche, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire, Toulouse, France. 6. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1043, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France. 7. Université de Franche-Comté, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, UMR 1098, Besançon, France.
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Most cases of hepatitis E viral (HEV) infection in developed countries are autochthonous. Nevertheless, the reported seroprevalence of HEV varies greatly depending on the geographical area and the performance of the immunoassay used. We used validated assays to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM among 10,569 French blood donors living in mainland France and three overseas areas. Epidemiological information was collected using a specific questionnaire. We found an overall IgG seroprevalence of 22.4% (8%-86.4%) depending on the geographical area (P < 0.001). The presence of anti-HEV IgG was associated with increasing age (P < 0.001) and eating pork meat (P = 0.03), pork liver sausages (P < 0.001), game meat (P < 0.01), offal (P < 0.001), and oysters (P = 0.02). Conversely, drinking bottled water was associated with a lower rate of anti-HEV IgG (P = 0.02). Overall IgM seroprevalence was 1% (0%-4.6%). The frequency of anti-HEV IgM was higher in donors living in a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence area (1.9% versus 0.7%, P < 0.001) and in those eating pork liver sausage (1.4% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01), pâté (1% versus 0.4, P = 0.04), and wild boar (1.3% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: HEV is endemic in France and hyperendemic in some areas; eating habits alone cannot totally explain the exposure to HEV, and contaminated water could contribute to the epidemiology of HEV infection in France.
UNLABELLED: Most cases of hepatitis E viral (HEV) infection in developed countries are autochthonous. Nevertheless, the reported seroprevalence of HEV varies greatly depending on the geographical area and the performance of the immunoassay used. We used validated assays to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM among 10,569 French blood donors living in mainland France and three overseas areas. Epidemiological information was collected using a specific questionnaire. We found an overall IgG seroprevalence of 22.4% (8%-86.4%) depending on the geographical area (P < 0.001). The presence of anti-HEV IgG was associated with increasing age (P < 0.001) and eating pork meat (P = 0.03), pork liver sausages (P < 0.001), game meat (P < 0.01), offal (P < 0.001), and oysters (P = 0.02). Conversely, drinking bottled water was associated with a lower rate of anti-HEV IgG (P = 0.02). Overall IgM seroprevalence was 1% (0%-4.6%). The frequency of anti-HEV IgM was higher in donors living in a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence area (1.9% versus 0.7%, P < 0.001) and in those eating pork liver sausage (1.4% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01), pâté (1% versus 0.4, P = 0.04), and wild boar (1.3% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: HEV is endemic in France and hyperendemic in some areas; eating habits alone cannot totally explain the exposure to HEV, and contaminated water could contribute to the epidemiology of HEV infection in France.
Authors: Heléne Norder; Cristina Galli; Ellen Magnil; Per Sikora; Elisabet Ekvärn; Kristina Nyström; Lars O Magnius Journal: Intervirology Date: 2018-10-02 Impact factor: 1.763
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