Mu-Hong Chen1, Wen-Hsuan Lan2, Ju-Wei Hsu2, Kai-Lin Huang2, Tung-Ping Su2, Cheng-Ta Li2, Wei-Chen Lin2, Chia-Fen Tsai2, Shih-Jen Tsai2, Ying-Chiao Lee2, Ying-Sheue Chen2, Tai-Long Pan3, Wen-Han Chang4, Tzeng-Ji Chen5, Ya-Mei Bai1. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ymbi@mail2000.com.tw kremer7119@gmail.com. 2. Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan Liver Research Center, Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Studies have suggested the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)-related risk factors, such as obesity and dyslipidemia. However, the association between ASD and type 2 DM remains unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for enrolling 6,122 adolescents and young adults with ASD and 24,488 age- and sex-matched control subjects between 2002 and 2009 and monitored them until the end of 2011. Participants who developed type 2 DM during the follow-up period were identified. RESULTS: Adolescents (hazard ratio [HR] 2.71 [95% CI 1.64-4.48]) and young adults (HR 5.31 [95% CI 2.85-9.90]) with ASD had a higher risk of developing type 2 DM than those without ASD, after adjustment for demographic data, atypical antipsychotics use, and medical comorbidities. Sensitivity analyses after excluding first year (HR 3.03 [95% CI 2.03-4.51]) and first 3-year (HR 2.62 [95% CI 1.62-4.23]) observation periods were consistent. Short-term (HR 1.97 [95% CI 1.20-3.23]) and long-term (HR 1.64 [95% CI 1.02-2.63]) use of atypical antipsychotics were associated with a higher likelihood of subsequent type 2 DM. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents and young adults with ASD were more likely to develop type 2 DM during the follow-up. In addition, those with ASD using atypical antipsychotics exhibited a high risk. Therefore, further research is necessary to investigate the common pathophysiology of ASD and type 2 DM.
OBJECTIVE: Studies have suggested the association between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)-related risk factors, such as obesity and dyslipidemia. However, the association between ASD and type 2 DM remains unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for enrolling 6,122 adolescents and young adults with ASD and 24,488 age- and sex-matched control subjects between 2002 and 2009 and monitored them until the end of 2011. Participants who developed type 2 DM during the follow-up period were identified. RESULTS: Adolescents (hazard ratio [HR] 2.71 [95% CI 1.64-4.48]) and young adults (HR 5.31 [95% CI 2.85-9.90]) with ASD had a higher risk of developing type 2 DM than those without ASD, after adjustment for demographic data, atypical antipsychotics use, and medical comorbidities. Sensitivity analyses after excluding first year (HR 3.03 [95% CI 2.03-4.51]) and first 3-year (HR 2.62 [95% CI 1.62-4.23]) observation periods were consistent. Short-term (HR 1.97 [95% CI 1.20-3.23]) and long-term (HR 1.64 [95% CI 1.02-2.63]) use of atypical antipsychotics were associated with a higher likelihood of subsequent type 2 DM. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents and young adults with ASD were more likely to develop type 2 DM during the follow-up. In addition, those with ASD using atypical antipsychotics exhibited a high risk. Therefore, further research is necessary to investigate the common pathophysiology of ASD and type 2 DM.
Authors: Brittany N Hand; Daniel Gilmore; Daniel L Coury; Amy R Darragh; Susan Moffatt-Bruce; Christopher Hanks; Jennifer H Garvin Journal: J Gen Intern Med Date: 2021-01-19 Impact factor: 6.473
Authors: Samuel Tromans; Guiqing Yao; Regi Alexander; Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska; Reza Kiani; Mohammed Al-Uzri; Verity Chester; Richard Carr; Zoe Morgan; Elpida Vounzoulaki; Traolach Brugha Journal: Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health Date: 2020-12-31