Mu-Hong Chen1,2, Chih-Sung Liang3,4, Dian-Jeng Li5,6, Ya-Mei Bai7,8, Shih-Jen Tsai7,8, Chih-Ming Cheng7,8, Tung-Ping Su7,8,9, Tzeng-Ji Chen10,11,12, Ta-Chuan Yeh13. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shihpai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. kremer7119@gmail.com. 2. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou District, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shihpai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. kremer7119@gmail.com. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 60, Xinmin Road, Taipei, 11243, Taiwan. lcsyfw@gmail.com. 4. Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. lcsyfw@gmail.com. 5. Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 6. Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, 91200, Taiwan. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Beitou District, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shihpai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. 8. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Beitou District, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shihpai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. 9. Department of Psychiatry, General Cheng Hsin Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 10. Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 11. Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. 12. Department of Family Medicine, Hsinchu Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan. 13. Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) may have an increased risk of exposure to prescription opioids. However, it is still unknown whether such risk also occurs in their offspring. This study aimed to investigate the risk of exposure to prescription opioid use and related medical conditions in the offspring of parents with BD. METHODS: This study used the Taiwan National Health Research Database and included offspring who had any parent with a diagnosis of BD. The matched-control cohort was randomly identified from the offspring of parents without any major psychiatric disorders (MPD). We identified data pertaining to opioid prescription and related medical conditions, namely pain disorder, malignancy, autoimmune disease, and arthropathy. The Poisson regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In total, 11,935 offspring of parents with BD and 119,350 offspring of parents without any MPD were included. After controlling for demographics and mental disorders, offspring of parents with BD demonstrated higher rates of prescription opioid use than those of parents without MPD, especially the intravenous/intramuscular form of opioids and prescription in hospital settings. In addition, offspring of parents with BD had a higher odds of pain disorders than those of parents without MPD. CONCLUSION: Our study identifies a higher odd for developing pain disorders and exposure to prescription opioids among children of parents with BD.
PURPOSE: Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) may have an increased risk of exposure to prescription opioids. However, it is still unknown whether such risk also occurs in their offspring. This study aimed to investigate the risk of exposure to prescription opioid use and related medical conditions in the offspring of parents with BD. METHODS: This study used the Taiwan National Health Research Database and included offspring who had any parent with a diagnosis of BD. The matched-control cohort was randomly identified from the offspring of parents without any major psychiatric disorders (MPD). We identified data pertaining to opioid prescription and related medical conditions, namely pain disorder, malignancy, autoimmune disease, and arthropathy. The Poisson regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In total, 11,935 offspring of parents with BD and 119,350 offspring of parents without any MPD were included. After controlling for demographics and mental disorders, offspring of parents with BD demonstrated higher rates of prescription opioid use than those of parents without MPD, especially the intravenous/intramuscular form of opioids and prescription in hospital settings. In addition, offspring of parents with BD had a higher odds of pain disorders than those of parents without MPD. CONCLUSION: Our study identifies a higher odd for developing pain disorders and exposure to prescription opioids among children of parents with BD.
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