Michael A Grandner1, Tony E Smith2, Nicholas Jackson3, Tara Jackson4, Sarah Burgard5, Charles Branas4. 1. Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. 2. Department of Electrical Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 3. Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. 4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. 5. Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Insufficient sleep is associated with cardiometabolic risk and neurocognitive impairment. Determinants of insufficient sleep include many social and environmental factors. Assessment of geographic hot/coldspots may uncover novel risk groups and/or targets for public health intervention. The aim of this study was to discern geographic patterns in the first data set to include county-level sleep data. METHODS: The 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used. Insufficient sleep was assessed with a survey item and dichotomized. Data from n = 2231 counties were available. Tests for significant spatial concentrations of high/low levels of insufficient sleep (hotspots/coldspots) used the Getis-Ord G* statistic of local spatial concentration, chosen due to the nature of missing data. RESULTS: Eighty-four counties were hotspots, with high levels of insufficient sleep (P < .01), and 45 were coldspots, with low insufficient sleep (P < .01). Hotspots were found in Alabama (1 county), Arkansas (1), Georgia (1), Illinois (1), Kentucky (25), Louisiana (1), Missouri (4), Ohio (7), Tennessee (12), Texas (9), Virginia (6), and West Virginia (16). Coldspots were found in Alabama (1 county), Georgia (2), Illinois (6), Iowa (6), Michigan (2), Minnesota (1), North Carolina (1), Texas (7), Virginia (12), and Wisconsin (6). Several contiguous hotspots and coldspots were evident. Notably, the 17 counties with the highest levels of insufficient sleep were found in a contiguous set at the intersection of Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia (all P < .0002). CONCLUSIONS: Geographic distribution of insufficient sleep in the United States is uneven. Some areas (most notably parts of Appalachia) experience disproportionately high amounts of insufficient sleep and may be targets of intervention. Further investigation of determinants of geographic variability needs to be explored, which would enhance the utility of these data for development of public health campaigns.
INTRODUCTION:Insufficient sleep is associated with cardiometabolic risk and neurocognitive impairment. Determinants of insufficient sleep include many social and environmental factors. Assessment of geographic hot/coldspots may uncover novel risk groups and/or targets for public health intervention. The aim of this study was to discern geographic patterns in the first data set to include county-level sleep data. METHODS: The 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System was used. Insufficient sleep was assessed with a survey item and dichotomized. Data from n = 2231 counties were available. Tests for significant spatial concentrations of high/low levels of insufficient sleep (hotspots/coldspots) used the Getis-Ord G* statistic of local spatial concentration, chosen due to the nature of missing data. RESULTS: Eighty-four counties were hotspots, with high levels of insufficient sleep (P < .01), and 45 were coldspots, with low insufficient sleep (P < .01). Hotspots were found in Alabama (1 county), Arkansas (1), Georgia (1), Illinois (1), Kentucky (25), Louisiana (1), Missouri (4), Ohio (7), Tennessee (12), Texas (9), Virginia (6), and West Virginia (16). Coldspots were found in Alabama (1 county), Georgia (2), Illinois (6), Iowa (6), Michigan (2), Minnesota (1), North Carolina (1), Texas (7), Virginia (12), and Wisconsin (6). Several contiguous hotspots and coldspots were evident. Notably, the 17 counties with the highest levels of insufficient sleep were found in a contiguous set at the intersection of Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia (all P < .0002). CONCLUSIONS: Geographic distribution of insufficient sleep in the United States is uneven. Some areas (most notably parts of Appalachia) experience disproportionately high amounts of insufficient sleep and may be targets of intervention. Further investigation of determinants of geographic variability needs to be explored, which would enhance the utility of these data for development of public health campaigns.
Authors: Michael A Grandner; Nirav P Patel; Philip R Gehrman; Dawei Xie; Daohang Sha; Terri Weaver; Nalaka Gooneratne Journal: Sleep Med Date: 2010-05 Impact factor: 3.492
Authors: Jack D Edinger; James K Wyatt; Edward J Stepanski; Maren K Olsen; Karen M Stechuchak; Colleen E Carney; Ambrose Chiang; M Isabel Crisostomo; Margaret D Lineberger; Melanie K Means; Rodney A Radtke; William K Wohlgemuth; Andrew D Krystal Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2011-06-06
Authors: Nicole G Altman; Bilgay Izci-Balserak; Elizabeth Schopfer; Nicholas Jackson; Pinyo Rattanaumpawan; Philip R Gehrman; Nirav P Patel; Michael A Grandner Journal: Sleep Med Date: 2012-11-08 Impact factor: 3.492
Authors: Bruce C Casto; Smita Sharma; James L Fisher; Thomas J Knobloch; Amit Agrawal; Christopher M Weghorst Journal: J Health Care Poor Underserved Date: 2009-02