Matthew R Moore1, Ruth Link-Gelles2, William Schaffner3, Ruth Lynfield4, Corinne Holtzman4, Lee H Harrison5, Shelley M Zansky6, Jennifer B Rosen7, Arthur Reingold8, Karen Scherzinger9, Ann Thomas10, Ramon E Guevara11, Tasneem Motala11, Jeffrey Eason12, Meghan Barnes13, Susan Petit14, Monica M Farley15, Lesley McGee2, James H Jorgensen16, Cynthia G Whitney2. 1. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: matt.moore@cdc.hhs.gov. 2. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. 3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. 4. Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, MN, USA. 5. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. 6. New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA. 7. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY, USA. 8. California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, CA, USA; School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. 9. Institute for Public Health, University of New Mexico, Emerging Infections Program, Albuquerque, NM, USA. 10. Oregon Public Health Division and Oregon Emerging Infections Program, Portland, OR, USA. 11. County of Los Angeles Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 12. Bureau of Epidemiology, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. 13. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA. 14. Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT, USA. 15. Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Infection Disease Section, Medical Specialty Care Service Line, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA. 16. Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In 2010, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was licensed and recommended in the USA for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Licensure was based on immunogenicity data comparing PCV13 with the earlier seven-valent formulation. Because clinical endpoints were not assessed for the new antigens, we did a postlicensure matched case-control study to assess vaccine effectiveness. METHODS: Cases in children aged 2-59 months were identified through active surveillance in 13 sites. Controls were identified via birth registries and matched to cases by age and postal (zip) code. The primary objective was the vaccine effectiveness of at least one dose against the 13 serotypes included in PCV13. Secondary objectives included vaccine effectiveness against all-cause invasive pneumococcal disease, against antibiotic non-susceptible invasive pneumococcal disease, and among children with and without underlying conditions. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 - matched odds ratio) × 100%. FINDINGS: We enrolled 722 children with invasive pneumococcal disease and 2991 controls; PCV13 serotype cases (217 [30%]) included most commonly serotypes 19A (128 [18%]), 7F (32 [4%]), and 3 (43 [6%]). Vaccine effectiveness against PCV13 serotypes was 86·0% (95% CI 75·5 to 92·3), driven by serotypes 19A and 7F, for which vaccine effectiveness was 85·6% (95% CI 70·6 to 93·5) and 96·5% (82·7 to 100), respectively. We also identified statistically significant effectiveness against serotype 3 (79·5%, 95% CI 30·3 to 94·8) and against antibiotic non-susceptible invasive pneumococcal disease (65·6%, 44·9 to 78·7). Vaccine effectiveness against all-cause invasive pneumococcal disease was 60·2% (95% CI 46·8 to 70·3). Vaccine effectiveness was similar among children with (81·4%, 95% CI 45·4 to 93·6) and without (85·8%, 74·9 to 91·9) underlying conditions. INTERPRETATION: PCV13 appears highly effective against invasive pneumococcal disease among children in the USA in the context of routine and catch-up schedules, although some new vaccine antigens could not be assessed. PCV13 immunisation provides a robust strategy for combating pneumococcal antimicrobial resistance. FUNDING: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
BACKGROUND: In 2010, 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was licensed and recommended in the USA for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. Licensure was based on immunogenicity data comparing PCV13 with the earlier seven-valent formulation. Because clinical endpoints were not assessed for the new antigens, we did a postlicensure matched case-control study to assess vaccine effectiveness. METHODS: Cases in children aged 2-59 months were identified through active surveillance in 13 sites. Controls were identified via birth registries and matched to cases by age and postal (zip) code. The primary objective was the vaccine effectiveness of at least one dose against the 13 serotypes included in PCV13. Secondary objectives included vaccine effectiveness against all-cause invasive pneumococcal disease, against antibiotic non-susceptible invasive pneumococcal disease, and among children with and without underlying conditions. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1 - matched odds ratio) × 100%. FINDINGS: We enrolled 722 children with invasive pneumococcal disease and 2991 controls; PCV13 serotype cases (217 [30%]) included most commonly serotypes 19A (128 [18%]), 7F (32 [4%]), and 3 (43 [6%]). Vaccine effectiveness against PCV13 serotypes was 86·0% (95% CI 75·5 to 92·3), driven by serotypes 19A and 7F, for which vaccine effectiveness was 85·6% (95% CI 70·6 to 93·5) and 96·5% (82·7 to 100), respectively. We also identified statistically significant effectiveness against serotype 3 (79·5%, 95% CI 30·3 to 94·8) and against antibiotic non-susceptible invasive pneumococcal disease (65·6%, 44·9 to 78·7). Vaccine effectiveness against all-cause invasive pneumococcal disease was 60·2% (95% CI 46·8 to 70·3). Vaccine effectiveness was similar among children with (81·4%, 95% CI 45·4 to 93·6) and without (85·8%, 74·9 to 91·9) underlying conditions. INTERPRETATION: PCV13 appears highly effective against invasive pneumococcal disease among children in the USA in the context of routine and catch-up schedules, although some new vaccine antigens could not be assessed. PCV13 immunisation provides a robust strategy for combating pneumococcal antimicrobial resistance. FUNDING: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Authors: Richard G Wunderink; Wesley H Self; Evan J Anderson; Robert Balk; Sherene Fakhran; Daniel Mark Courtney; Chao Qi; Derek J Williams; Yuwei Zhu; Cynthia G Whitney; Matthew R Moore; Anna Bramley; Seema Jain; Kathryn M Edwards; Carlos G Grijalva Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2018-05-02 Impact factor: 9.079