Kumiko T Kanatani1, Kei Hamazaki2, Hidekuni Inadera2, Nobuo Sugimoto3, Atsushi Shimizu4, Hisashi Noma5, Kazunari Onishi6, Yoshimitsu Takahashi7, Toshiko Itazawa8, Miho Egawa9, Keiko Sato10, Tohshin Go11, Isao Ito12, Youichi Kurozawa6, Ikuo Konishi9, Yuichi Adachi8, Takeo Nakayama13. 1. Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan. 2. Department of Public Health, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. 3. Center for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan. 4. Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan. 5. Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biostatistics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan. 6. Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan. 7. Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. 8. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. 9. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. 10. Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan; Kyoto Unit Centre for Japan Environment & Children's Study, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 11. Kyoto Unit Centre for Japan Environment & Children's Study, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 12. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. 13. Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address: nakayama.takeo.4a@kyoto-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Desert dust originating from arid and semiarid areas is transported to widespread regions, including Japan. Desert dust particles exert adjuvant effects in animals. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether desert dust enhances allergic symptoms in real-life settings and to explore its effect modifiers. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 3,327 pregnant women during spring and fall in October 2011 to May 2013 in 3 regions in Japan as an adjunct study of the Japan Environment & Children's Study. We acquired participants' daily symptom scores by sending a questionnaire to their mobile phones on high desert-dust days (>0.07/km) and on some randomly selected other days (control days) for each participant. RESULTS: Pregnant women had an increased risk of allergic symptoms on high desert-dust days (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.18). The increased OR was mostly driven by those who showed positive IgE to Japanese cedar pollen when pollen simultaneously dispersed (adjusted OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13-1.38), whereas no clear risk increase was observed in the absence of pollen or for participants with negative IgE to Japanese cedar pollen. The risk elevation was observed from low levels of desert dust in a dose-dependent manner even on control days. CONCLUSION: Ambient desert dust level was associated with an increased risk of allergic symptoms in pollen-sensitized pregnant women when pollen was present in the air. The risk increase was dose dependent and was observed from low levels of desert dust. These results support a hypothesis that ambient desert dust particles exert adjuvant effects in human in real-life settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: UMIN000010826.
BACKGROUND: Desert dust originating from arid and semiarid areas is transported to widespread regions, including Japan. Desert dust particles exert adjuvant effects in animals. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether desert dust enhances allergic symptoms in real-life settings and to explore its effect modifiers. METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 3,327 pregnant women during spring and fall in October 2011 to May 2013 in 3 regions in Japan as an adjunct study of the Japan Environment & Children's Study. We acquired participants' daily symptom scores by sending a questionnaire to their mobile phones on high desert-dust days (>0.07/km) and on some randomly selected other days (control days) for each participant. RESULTS: Pregnant women had an increased risk of allergic symptoms on high desert-dust days (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.18). The increased OR was mostly driven by those who showed positive IgE to Japanese cedar pollen when pollen simultaneously dispersed (adjusted OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13-1.38), whereas no clear risk increase was observed in the absence of pollen or for participants with negative IgE to Japanese cedar pollen. The risk elevation was observed from low levels of desert dust in a dose-dependent manner even on control days. CONCLUSION: Ambient desert dust level was associated with an increased risk of allergic symptoms in pollen-sensitized pregnant women when pollen was present in the air. The risk increase was dose dependent and was observed from low levels of desert dust. These results support a hypothesis that ambient desert dust particles exert adjuvant effects in human in real-life settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: UMIN000010826.
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